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The other used a more representative sample from wider Queensland, including all hospital admissions in the state, as identified by both hospital administrative data and the Queensland Trauma Registry, but only covered 29% of the jurisdiction's EDs.

In addition, there were only data for 1 year following the tax increase and alcohol-related presentations were not compared to a control group.

It is therefore possible that the results could have been confounded by changes in population or catchments of the emergency departments included in the study.

We therefore undertook a study that included controls, covered more EDs and extended follow-up to 2 years following the increase in the tax. Our hypothesis was that the tax increase was not associated with any change in alcohol-related harms in spite of the documented fall in the sale of alcopops immediately following implementation.

Introduction
Young adults are vulnerable to alcohol-related harm and so drinks specifically marketed at them are of particular concern.1 For instance, up to 62% of 15–16-year-olds in Europe reported recently consuming alcopops, premixed spirit-based beverages that are highly sweetened and modelled on non-alcoholic or energy drinks.2

In terms of health outcomes, most injuries, suicides and drownings in young people are associated with alcohol intoxication.3–5 This is compounded by the adverse effects of alcohol on development and the fact that alcohol use in youth predicts problematic use in adulthood.6

Measures to reduce high-risk alcohol consumption have included minimum unit pricing,7 advertising bans and random breath testing.8

Measures to reduce high-risk alcohol consumption have included minimum unit pricing,7 advertising bans and random breath testing.8

Whereas there is evidence that raising alcohol duty across the board can reduce alcohol-related harms,9 there is less for measures that target specific types of alcohol beverage in isolation.

An example was the 70% increase in excise duty on ‘premixed’ alcoholic beverages (‘alcopops’) implemented in Australia on 27 April 2008.