Can Economic and Environmental Benefits Associated with Agricultural Intens...

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英文文献：Can Economic and Environmental Benefits Associated with Agricultural Intensification be Sustained at High Population Densities? A Farm Level Empirical Analysis-农业集约化带来的经济和环境效益能否在人口密度高的情况下维持下去?农场层面的实证分析
英文文献作者：Willy, Daniel Kyalo,Muyanga, Milu,Jayne, Thomas
英文文献摘要：
The Boserupian theory holds that population density growth can be accompanied by sustainable agricultural intensification (Boserup, 1965). However, it is not certain whether the positive link between population density and environmental/economic benefits associated with agricultural intensification are indefinite. The current study utilizes cross sectional data from a random sample of farm households drawn from two densely populated Counties in Kenya to assess whether Boserupian agricultural intensification is sustainable at high population densities. The study utilizes a robust approach that incorporates soil quality parameters into economic analysis to assess the effect of population density on soil quality and crop productivity. It employs non- parametric regression, OLS regression and asymmetric trans-log production function estimation methods. Results indicate that at low a population density, endogenous sustainable agricultural intensification occurs, which is associated with improvements in soil quality and crop yields. However, as population densities exceed 600 persons/Km2, soil quality attributes such as soil texture, soil pH levels and fertility indicators such as soil organic matter (SOM) and electrical conductivity (EC) start to deteriorate. The end result of deteriorating soil quality is binding of critical nutrients and thus reduction in the crop yield response to fertilizer application. This reduces crop productivity and consequently returns to agriculture. These findings have imperative policy bearing on livelihoods and smallholder agriculture considering that a large proportion of sub-Saharan Africa’s population is dependent on rain-fed agriculture and population densities continue grow.

bos喷发理论认为，人口密度增长可以伴随着可持续的农业集约化(Boserup, 1965)。然而，人口密度和农业集约化带来的环境/经济效益之间的正联系是否不确定，这是不确定的。目前的研究利用了肯尼亚两个人口稠密的县的随机农户样本的横断面数据，以评估在人口密度高的情况下，博斯帕罗农业集约化是否可持续。本研究利用一种稳健的方法，将土壤质量参数纳入经济分析，以评估人口密度对土壤质量和作物生产力的影响。采用非参数回归、OLS回归和非对称跨对数生产函数估计方法。结果表明，在低人口密度下，内生的可持续农业集约化发生，这与土壤质量和作物产量的改善有关。然而，当人口密度超过600人/平方公里时，土壤质地、土壤pH值等土壤质量属性以及土壤有机质(SOM)和电导率(EC)等肥力指标开始恶化。土壤质量恶化的最终结果是关键养分的结合，从而降低作物对施肥的反应。这就降低了作物的生产力，从而恢复了农业生产。考虑到撒哈拉以南非洲很大一部分人口依赖雨养农业，而且人口密度继续增长，这些发现对生计和小农农业具有重要的政策意义。

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