Profitability of fertilizer use in SSA: evidence from rural Malawi-马拉维农村地区肥...

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英文文献：Profitability of fertilizer use in SSA: evidence from rural Malawi-马拉维农村地区肥料使用的盈利能力:证据
英文文献作者：Darko, Francis Addeah,Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob,Kilic, Talip,Florax, Raymond,Shively, Gerald
英文文献摘要：
This study assessed the profitability of fertilizer use by farmers in rural Malawi using a two-wave nationally representative panel data. We find that fertilizer use is generally unprofitable at prevailing market conditions when farmers are assumed to be risk averse. In order for fertilizer use to be profitable on average, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) – the kilograms of maize obtained from a kilogram of nitrogen – would have to increase by 136%, 141% and by 50% if maize output is valued at farm gate price, harvest season market price and lean season market price respectively; or fertilizer ought to be subsidized at a rate of at least 72.43%, 71.67% and 41.34% respectively. Although fertilizer subsidy improves the profitability of fertilizer by increasing the maize-nitrogen price ratio, we find that at all rates of subsidy, unless farmers can store their produce and sell during the lean season where output price is relatively higher, they would be at least MK 66.16 and MK 61.81 per kg of subsidized nitrogen better off with the cash equivalent of the subsidy than with subsidized fertilizer when maize is values at farm gate price and harvest season market price respectively. We also find that the government recommended rates of fertilizer application is too high to be profitable at prevailing market conditions, but profitability at this rate of fertilizer application is over 100% higher than profitability at actual rate of application.

这项研究利用具有全国代表性的两波面板数据评估了马拉维农村农民使用化肥的盈利能力。我们发现，在当前市场条件下，当农民被假定为风险厌恶者时，肥料的使用通常是无利可图的。为了使用化肥是有利可图的平均氮利用效率(自虐)-氮的公斤每公斤玉米获得,必须增加136%,141%和50%如果玉米输出价值农场门价格,收获季节市场价格和精益季节分别市场价格;或者肥料补贴应分别达到至少72.43%，71.67%和41.34%。虽然化肥补贴通过提高玉米-氮肥的价格比率来提高化肥的盈利能力，但我们发现，在所有补贴率下，除非农民能够将他们的产品储存起来并在产量价格相对较高的淡季销售，当玉米按农场大门价格和收获季节市场价格计算时，每公斤氮肥补贴的现金等价物至少为每公斤66.16和61.81 MK，而化肥补贴至少为每公斤66.16和61.81 MK。我们还发现，政府推荐的施肥量过高，在现行市场条件下无法盈利，但这种施肥量的盈利能力要比实际施肥量的盈利能力高出100%以上。

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