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英文文献：Adjustments Of Agricultural Productivity For Nitrogen Effluent In The Great Plains-调整农业生产力的氮排放在大平原
英文文献作者：Rezek, Jon P.,Perrin, Richard K.
英文文献摘要：
Traditional measures of agricultural productivity only incorporate those inputs and outputs that are recorded in market transactions. However, such measures do not account for externalities such as environmental damage. This study uses an output distance function framework to estimate a Malmqvist productivity index for a panel of Great Plains states then adjusts this index by incorporating nitrogen effluent into the analysis. We estimate that long-run environmentally-adjusted productivity growth was approximately 13 percent below the unadjusted rate during the sample period. However the environmentally sensitive productivity rate actually exceeded the unadjusted rate in recent years, reflecting reductions in the discharge of agricultural nitrogen into the environment.
农业生产力的传统衡量方法只包括那些记录在市场交易中的投入和产出。但是，这些措施并不包括环境破坏等外部因素。本研究使用输出距离函数框架来估计大平原一组州的Malmqvist生产力指数，然后通过将氮排放纳入分析调整该指数。我们估计，在样本期间，经环境调整的长期生产率增长大约比未经调整的增长率低13%。然而，近年来对环境敏感的生产率实际上超过了未经调整的生产率，反映了农业氮排放到环境中的减少。
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