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英文文献：Examining Price Paths Of A Portfolio Of Agro-Biotechnology Seeds: The Effects Of Competition And Farmers' Response-检验农业生物技术种子组合的价格路径:竞争的影响和农民的反应
英文文献作者：Kinwa-Muzinga, Annie,Mazzocco, Michael A.
英文文献摘要：
Biotechnology techniques have played an important role in meeting farmer's needs in the seed industry given the changes in customer's preferences. This paper analytically evaluates the time paths of pricing a portfolio of seeds, which simultaneously encourages seed adoption and maximizes a firm's returns within a competitive environment while considering shorter product life cycles. Using a dynamic programming (DP) approach, the results indicate that the single pricing model and the portfolio pricing model are materially affected by the firm's initial market share, the farmer's attitude towards seed attributes, and the firm competitiveness within the industry. Farmer's acceptance of a seed variety will have an impact on seed price or actions from the seed firm even though farmers are theoretically and empirically considered as price takers in the input markets.
鉴于消费者偏好的变化，生物技术在满足农民种业需求方面发挥了重要作用。摘要本文分析了在考虑较短的产品生命周期的情况下，既能鼓励企业采用种子，又能使企业收益最大化的种子投资组合定价的时间路径。采用动态规划的方法，结果表明单一定价模型和组合定价模型受到企业初始市场份额、农户对种子属性的态度和企业在行业内的竞争力的显著影响。尽管农户在理论上和经验上都被认为是投入市场的价格接受者，但农户对一种种子品种的接受程度将对种子价格或种子公司的行为产生影响。
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