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英文文献：Dispatches From The Tomato Wars: The Spillover Effects Of Trade Barriers-番茄战争的报道:贸易壁垒的溢出效应
英文文献作者：Baylis, Katherine R.
英文文献摘要：
Most trade barriers are, by their very nature, bi-lateral. Since most countries trade with more than one country in more than one product, these bilateral measures can have spillover effects, changing trading patterns among other countries and products. This paper looks at the effect of a bilateral trade barrier on trade flows within a three-country free-trading area. Specifically, this paper examines the trade distortion effects of the 1996 voluntary export restraint (VER) placed on tomato exports from Mexico to the United States. Has Mexico shifted its exports from the Unites States to Canada, and has Canada increased its exports to the United States? Has the VER caused Mexico to divert fresh tomatoes to the processing sector?
从本质上讲，大多数贸易壁垒都是双向的。由于大多数国家与多个国家进行一种以上产品的贸易，这些双边措施可能产生溢出效应，改变其他国家和产品之间的贸易模式。本文探讨双边贸易壁垒对三国自由贸易区内贸易流动的影响。具体而言，本文考察了1996年墨西哥对美国番茄出口的自愿出口限制(VER)的贸易扭曲效应。墨西哥是否将其出口从美国转移到加拿大，加拿大是否增加了对美国的出口?VER是否导致墨西哥将新鲜番茄转移到加工部门?
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