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英文文献：Improving Irrigation Water Allocation Efficiency Using Alternative Policy Options In Egypt-利用埃及的替代政策方案提高灌溉用水分配效率
英文文献作者：He, Lixia,Tyner, Wallace E.,Siam, Gamal
英文文献摘要：
This study provides an empirical perspective on alternative irrigation policies for allocating limited water to agricultural production in Egypt. Positive mathematical programming is used for model calibration. Three policy options for Egypt are tested: water pricing, water complementary input factor taxes, and output taxes. The results of the research show that: 1) water pricing needs to be much higher than the recovery cost in order to be effective in limiting irrigation water use; 2) at a higher tax rate, fertilizer and energy taxes are effective in reducing the irrigation water demand while maintaining adequate welfare levels; 3) a pesticide tax is less effective than fertilizer or energy taxes; and 4) an output tax on sugar cane and rice would decrease irrigation water demand substantially while allocating land to other crops which are less water intensive and have higher market values.
本研究为埃及为农业生产分配有限水资源的替代灌溉政策提供了经验视角。模型校准采用正数学规划。测试了埃及的三种政策选择:水价、水的补充投入要素税和产出税。研究结果表明:1)要有效地限制灌溉用水，水价需要远远高于回收成本;2)在较高的税率下，化肥和能源税能够有效地减少灌溉用水需求，同时维持适当的福利水平;3)杀虫剂税不如肥料税或能源税有效;4)对甘蔗和水稻征收产出税将大幅减少灌溉用水需求，同时将土地分配给其他耗水量少、市场价值高的作物。
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