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英文文献：Market Power and Structural Adjustment: The Case of West African Cocoa Market Liberalization-市场力量和结构调整:西非可可市场自由化的情况
英文文献作者：Wilcox, Michael D.,Abbott, Philip C.
英文文献摘要：
Liberalization of the cocoa market in West Africa, due to structural adjustment reforms, has resulted in the elimination of para-statal marketing boards and initiated the creation of new institutions to replace the marketing services of those agencies. Concerns have been raised as to the effects of these reforms on prices of cocoa received by farmers, welfare measures and competitiveness of marketing channels. Of particular importance is backward integration of multinational processing firms, who take over exporting activities and may collect rents previously captured as export taxes. This paper uses a conjectural variations approach to estimate the degree of market power present in the post-liberalized cocoa bean markets of Ivory Coast and Nigeria. Evidence of market power is found in the Ivory Coast markets between the farmgate and U.S./EU15 imports. The market power, exercised by multinational exporter/processors, must be considered in concert with the Ivorian government who is still collecting export taxes. In contrast, no evidence of market power is found in the Nigerian markets or domestic (farmer to trader) markets of Ivory Coast.
由于结构调整改革，西非的可可市场自由化导致了半国营销售委员会的取消，并开始建立新的机构来取代这些机构的销售服务。人们对这些改革对农民所收到的可可价格、福利措施和销售渠道的竞争力的影响表示关切。特别重要的是跨国加工公司的落后一体化，这些公司接管出口活动，并可能收取以前作为出口税征收的租金。本文使用一种猜想变异方法来估计象牙海岸和尼日利亚可可豆市场自由化后的市场力量程度。象牙海岸的农场大门和美国/欧盟15国进口商品之间的市场实力可以证明这一点。多国出口/加工商行使的市场权力必须同仍在征收出口税的科特迪瓦政府一起考虑。相比之下，在尼日利亚市场或象牙海岸的国内市场(从农民到商人)没有发现市场力量的证据。
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