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雷达卡
Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization
Susan Scarrow
For more than a century party members have played a central role in many parliamentary democracies, helping political parties to mobilize voters, and visibly linking party leaders with their grassroots supporters. Yet in the twenty-first century, party membership is undergoing rapid changes. In many parties, memberships are becoming numerically smaller at the same time that individual members are becoming more politically powerful.
Beyond Party Members investigates two questions connected with these changes. First, when and why did party memberships start falling, and what does this reveal about who benefits in party-membership relationships? Second, why have numerical declines in overall party membership coincided with expanding political rights for individual party members? To shed light on both puzzles, the author examines the origins of membership-based organization in nineteen countries, and considers contemporary parties' efforts to adapt this model to new circumstances. Her study shows why both supply-side and demand-side forces are leading parties to offer party members more, and more meaningful, opportunities to participate in party decisions. They also lead parties to offer new and lower-cost modes of affiliation. These changes are producing Multi-speed Membership Parties, ones that offer supporters multiple ways to connect with a party. Beyond Party Members examines the consequences of these ongoing transformations for political parties, and for the democracies in which they compete.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction: The Puzzles of Party Membership
Part I Party Membership: The Uneven Development
2. Motives and Modes of Party Membership
3. The Myths and Realities of Mass Membership Parties
4. Explaining Enrollment Change: Looking Beneath the Numbers
Part II Party Membership: The Uncertain Future
5. What Do Party Members Contribute?
6. Multi-speed Membership Parties
7. Making Membership Rewarding: Social and Material Benefits
8. Making Membership Meaningful: Political Benefits
9. The Consequences of Organizational Change
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