Foreword 3
Acknowledgements 7
Global trends in tertiary education 9
Section 1: Changing levels of participation in tertiary education 10
Section 2: Secondary education graduates and their impact on tertiary education 17
Section 3: Tertiary-level graduates and fields of education 22
Section 4: Global trends in student mobility 35
Section 5: Financing tertiary education 49
Reader’s guide 56
Statistical tables 62
1. Pre-primary education / ISCED 0 / Enrolment and teaching staff 64
2. Primary education / ISCED 1 / New entrants 74
3. Primary education / ISCED 1 / Enrolment and teaching staff 84
4. Primary education / ISCED 1 / Measures of progression and completion 94
5. Secondary education / ISCED 2 and 3 / Enrolment and repeaters / 2007 104
6. Secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education / ISCED 2, 3 and 4 / Teaching staff and post-secondary non-tertiary enrolment / 2007 114
7. Graduation and entry to upper secondary education (ISCED 3) and entry to tertiary education (ISCED 5) / 2007 (selected countries) 124
8. Tertiary education / ISCED 5 and 6 / Enrolment, graduation ratio and teaching staff 128
9. Tertiary education / ISCED 5 and 6 / Internationally mobile students by host country and region of origin / 2007 (countries with more than 1,000 mobile students) 138
10. Tertiary education / ISCED 5 and 6 / International flows of mobile students / 2007 142
11. Tertiary education / ISCED 5 and 6 / Graduates by broad fields of education / 2007 148
12. School life expectancy 158
13. Public expenditure on education and expenditure on education by nature of spending / Financial year ending in 2007 168
14. Expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, by sources of funds / Financial year ending in 2007 178
15. Adult and youth literacy / 2005-2007 188
16. Educational attainment of the population aged 25 years and older / Latest year available 194
17. Primary and secondary education / ISCED 1, 2 and 3 / Distribution of students by type of institution / 2007 204
18. Tertiary education / ISCED 5 and 6 / Distribution of students by type of institution / 2007 206
19. Primary and lower secondary education / ISCED 1 and 2 / Average class size by type of institution / 2007 208
20. Intended instruction time (hours per year) for students (9 to 14 years) in public institutions / 2007 210
21. Primary and secondary education / ISCED 1, 2 and 3 / Organization of teachers’ instructional time / 2007 210
22. Primary and secondary education / ISCED 1, 2 and 3 / Distribution of teachers by age / 2007 212
23. Primary and secondary education / ISCED 1, 2 and 3 / Teachers’ annual salaries in public institutions (in U.S. dollars PPP) / 2007 216
24. Primary and secondary education / ISCED 1, 2 and 3 / Teachers’ annual salaries in public institutions as a percentage of GDP per capita / 2007 218
25. Relative proportions of public and private expenditure on educational institutions / 2007 220
26. Distribution of total public expenditure on education by destination of funds / 2007 Time series data 224
1. Tertiary education / 1970-2005 226
ANNEX A / Glossary 247
ANNEX B / Definitions of indicators 254
ANNEX C / International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED97) 258
ANNEX D / Regions 260
ANNEX E / Electronic resources 262