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我不是很理解“rational”一词， 整个题目考什么点呢？谁能告诉我思路啊！谢谢！！！
In class we discussed a strange auction whereby a former Harvard professor auctioned off a $100 dollar bill. Whoever was willing to pay the highest for it would be the winner and would simply settle up with the professor by paying his bid. However, there was a strange twist to the game. Whoever had the second highest bid still had to pay the professor but did not get anything in return. I shared with you the results of the experiment and it turned out the winning bid was over $400. Explain how and why this was a rational outcome even though to a casual observer this seems quite absurd. Cite an example from life that seems remarkably similar to this situation? Make sure to explain how it is similar.

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关键词：experiment Professor Situation DISCUSSED Rational anything auction highest willing former

怎么没有人帮我啊……

因为，只要你多出一美元并且赢得拍卖，就会比前一次少损失98美元。如果两个人都这么想就会，标价就会越来越高。直到一方认为，另一方无论如何都要拿下竞标，因此无论自己标到多少，都难以获胜，只能失败，他就会退出。

rational 就是合理的意识啊。好像辞源是从定量过来的吧。