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英文文献：Livelihood Shocks and Coping Strategies: An Empirical Study of Bangladesh Households-生计冲击与应对策略:孟加拉国家庭的实证研究
英文文献作者：Rashid, Dewan Arif,Langworthy, Mark,Aradhyula, Satheesh V.
英文文献摘要：
Households plan strategically for facing risks associated with livelihood security. Choosing a particular set of coping strategies depends on a number of factors including the types of crisis households face and options available. Often, poor households risk future income generating capacity for maintaining current food consumption. This paper examines strategies used by rural households for coping with the shocks and investigates whether there is any distinctive pattern in adopting these strategies. Using a cross section data set covering 1600 households from the northwestern Bangladesh, we estimate a trivariate probit model for explaining the adoption of coping strategies. Results indicate that choice of coping strategies depend on diversity and stability of household income sources. Households with higher education have greater access to stable incomes sources and have more income sources, and so are less likely to adopt ex-post coping strategies. Households with more assets are more likely to divest assets or obtain secured loans rather than rely on unsecured loans. Wealthier households are not less likely to adopt current adjustment strategies, suggesting that there is a general sequence of coping strategies that all households follow, irrespective of the assets they own.
家庭为面临与生计安全相关的风险进行战略规划。选择一套特定的应对策略取决于许多因素，包括家庭面临的危机类型和可供选择的办法。贫困家庭往往冒着未来创收能力的风险，以维持目前的粮食消费。本文考察了农村家庭应对冲击所采取的策略，并探讨了这些策略是否有其独特的模式。使用覆盖孟加拉国西北部1600户家庭的横截面数据集，我们估计了一个三元probit模型来解释应对策略的采用。结果表明，家庭收入来源的多样性和稳定性决定了应对策略的选择。受过高等教育的家庭有更大的机会获得稳定的收入来源，也有更多的收入来源，因此不太可能采取事后应对策略。拥有更多资产的家庭更有可能剥离资产或获得有担保的贷款，而不是依赖无担保贷款。较富裕的家庭采取当前调整战略的可能性并不低，这表明，无论他们拥有何种资产，所有家庭都遵循一套一般的应对战略。
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