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英文文献：A Need for Speed? Rural Internet Connectivity and the No access / Dial-up / High-speed Decision-对速度的需求?农村互联网连接和不接入/拨号/高速的决定
英文文献作者：Whitacre, Brian E.,Mills, Bradford F.
英文文献摘要：
As residential high-speed Internet access has become more prevalent, the composition of the "digital divide" between rural and urban households has shifted. In 2000, dial-up access rates in rural household lagged behind their urban counterparts by eleven percent. By 2003, however, dial-up access rates were equal between rural and urban households, due in part to soaring high-speed rates in urban areas. This paper explores the household decision between no Internet access, dial-up access, and high-speed access. In particular, nested logit and multinomial logit specifications are compared. The paper also uses a decomposition technique to estimate the contributions of various factors (including education, income, and infrastructure levels) to each of the "access-specific" divides between rural and urban households. The results suggest that the nested logit is the preferred specification, and that differences in education and income account for the majority of each type of divide.
随着居民高速互联网接入的普及，城乡家庭之间“数字鸿沟”的构成已经发生了变化。2000年，农村家庭的拨号上网率落后于城市家庭11%。然而，到2003年，农村和城市家庭的拨号接入率是相等的，部分原因是城市地区高速增长的速率。本文探讨了家庭在不上网、拨号上网和高速上网之间的决策。特别地，对嵌套logit规范和多项logit规范进行了比较。本文还使用了分解技术来估计各种因素(包括教育、收入和基础设施水平)对城乡家庭“具体访问”差距的贡献。结果表明，嵌套logit是首选的规范，教育和收入的差异占每种划分的大部分。
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