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英文文献：Controlling Dairy Nitrogen Emissions: A Dynamic Analysis of Herd Adjustment, Ground Water Discharges, and Air Emissions-控制乳制品氮排放:放牧调整、地下水排放和空气排放的动态分析
英文文献作者：Baerenklau, Kenneth A.,Nergis, Nermin
英文文献摘要：
A micro-dynamic model of a livestock-crop operation is calibrated with data from a representative dairy in California's Central Valley and is used to predict the effects of regulations designed to reduce nitrogen emissions. Policy simulations clarify the importance of dynamic elements and demonstrate three main results: (1) dairies are unresponsive to pollution charges unless they are relatively large and financially burdensome for farmers; (2) regulations aimed at controlling only nitrate leaching will cause significant increases in ammonia emissions; and (3) mitigating both nitrogen problems with emissions taxes involves substantial reductions in both herd size and farm profit.
一个家畜-作物经营的微观动态模型用来自加州中央谷的一个有代表性的奶牛场的数据进行校准，并用于预测旨在减少氮排放的法规的影响。政策模拟阐明了动态因素的重要性，并证明了三个主要结果:(1)除非污染收费数额较大，而且对农民造成财政负担，否则奶牛场对污染收费没有反应;(2)仅控制硝酸盐浸出的法规会导致氨排放显著增加;(3)通过征收排放税来缓解氮肥问题涉及到牛群规模和农场利润的大幅减少。
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