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英文文献：Evaluating Labor Productivity in Food Retailing-评价食品零售业的劳动生产率
英文文献作者：Park, Timothy A.
英文文献摘要：
New store formats including competition from supercenters (driven by Wal-Mart), warehouse clubs, and mass merchandisers have emerged as a major threat to traditional grocery chains. A key issue in the food retailing sector is to understand how the earnings of employees respond to the evolution of new retail store formats and store organizational characteristics. The elasticity of complementarity for food retailers measures how changes in store size affect use of full-time and part-time employees. The evidence for constant returns to scale suggests that the Hicks elasticity of complementarity is the appropriate measure to assess input substitutability for food retailers. As store size increases the marginal value of labor rises and firms hire more part-time employees, along with a smaller increase in full-time workers.
来自超级中心(由沃尔玛驱动)、仓储俱乐部和大货主的竞争，这些新业态已经成为传统杂货连锁店的主要威胁。食品零售业的一个关键问题是了解员工的收入如何响应新的零售商店模式和商店组织特征的演变。食品零售商的互补性弹性衡量了商店规模的变化如何影响全职和兼职员工的使用。规模收益不变的证据表明，互补性的希克斯弹性是评估食品零售商投入可替代性的适当措施。随着商店规模的增加，劳动力的边际价值会上升，公司会雇佣更多的兼职员工，同时全职员工的增长也会减少。
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