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英文文献：Whale-watching and Herring Fishing: Joint or Independent Production?-观鲸和捕捞鲱鱼:联合生产还是独立生产?研究了远洋渔业(鲱鱼)的“局部枯竭”对非采掘性海洋活动(旅游)的影响
英文文献作者：Lee, Min-Yang A.
英文文献摘要：
The effects of "localized depletion" of a pelagic fishery (herring) on a non-extractive marine activity (tourism) are investigated. Proponents of the localized depletion theory claim that intense fishing effort can lead to areas that are unsuitable for predators like tuna, groundfish, and whales. This leads to poor outcomes for the fishing and whale-watching industries. However, there has been no consensus in the scientific community about the existence of this phenomenon. Localized depletion would be consistent with an economic theory of joint production, in which nearshore herring stocks are an input in production of both herring and whale-watching trips. A unique dataset of daily whale-watching outcomes is combined with fishing effort and oceanographic data. This dataset is used to test the hypothesis that intensive fishing effort increases the search time of whale-watching companies. Our results suggest that while fishing has a statistically significant impact on sightings, this magnitude of this effect is fairly small. Sightings seem to be determined mostly by large scale oceanographic processes. These results should be of interest to policymakers in determining future fishing regulations.
“局部枯竭理论”的支持者声称，过度捕捞会导致某些区域不适合金枪鱼、底栖鱼和鲸鱼等食肉动物生存。这给捕鱼业和观鲸业带来了不好的结果。然而，科学界对这种现象的存在还没有达成共识。局部消耗与联合生产的经济理论是一致的，在这一理论中，近岸鲱鱼种群是生产鲱鱼和观鲸旅行的一项投入。每日观鲸结果的独特数据集与捕鱼努力和海洋数据相结合。这个数据集被用来检验一个假设，即密集的捕鱼活动增加了观鲸公司的搜索时间。我们的结果表明，虽然捕鱼对目击事件有统计学上显著的影响，但这种影响的程度是相当小的。目击事件似乎主要是由大规模海洋过程决定的。这些结果应该是决策者在决定未来渔业法规时感兴趣的。
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