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英文文献：Food Insecurity, Diet Quality, and Body Weight: Inter-Relationships and the Effect of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption-食物不安全、饮食质量和体重:吸烟和饮酒的相互关系和影响
英文文献作者：Duffy, Patricia A.,Zizza, Claire A.,Zhu, Min,Kinnucan, Henry W.,Tayie, Francis A.
英文文献摘要：
Using data from the 1999-2002 rounds of the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the inter-relationships between food insecurity, diet quality and body mass index (BMI) were examined. The impact of smoking and alcohol consumption behaviors were also examined. The relationship between BMI and food insecurity was found to be sensitive to the specification of control variables, such as age, income, and race and ethnicity. Smoking was directly associated with lower BMI for both men and women; while alcohol consumption was directly associated with lower BMI only for men. Smoking negatively affected food insecurity and diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). For women, these indirect effects were statistically significant and positive, but extremely small in magnitude compared to the direct effect. For both men and women, level of physical activity was found to be a much more important determinant of body weight than smoking, drinking, and food insecurity. For women, race had a more important impact on body weight than smoking or drinking.
利用1999-2002年连续全国健康和营养检查调查(NHANES)的数据，研究了食品不安全、饮食质量和体重指数(BMI)之间的相互关系。研究还调查了吸烟和饮酒行为的影响。研究发现，体重指数和食品不安全之间的关系对控制变量的规格(如年龄、收入、种族和民族)很敏感。吸烟与男性和女性较低的身体质量指数直接相关;而饮酒只对男性有直接的影响。根据健康饮食指数(HEI)衡量，吸烟对食品不安全和饮食质量产生了负面影响。对女性而言，这些间接影响在统计上是显著的和积极的，但与直接影响相比，其规模极小。对男性和女性来说，身体活动水平是比吸烟、饮酒和食物不安全更重要的体重决定因素。对于女性来说，种族对体重的影响比吸烟和饮酒更重要。
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