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英文文献：Economic costs and payoffs of bilateral/regional trade agreements-双边/区域贸易协定的经济成本和回报
英文文献作者：Vollrath, Thomas L.,Hallahan, Charles B.
英文文献摘要：
The rapid increase in the number of bilateral and regional free-trade agreements since 1995 is a striking development. The proliferation of these agreements has raised questions among academicians and policymakers about whether they have, in fact, opened markets, created trade, promoted economic growth, and/or distorted trade. This study uses panel data from the 1975-2005 period and the gravity framework to identify the influence of bilateral/regional free-trade agreements on bilateral trade in merchandise, agriculture, and clothing sectors. A benchmark, Heckman sample-selection, and two generalized models, one of which accounts for reciprocal-free-trade-agreement phase-in effects, are used to gauge the impact on partner trade of mutual as well as asymmetric RTA membership.
自1995年以来，双边和区域自由贸易协定的迅速增加是一个惊人的发展。这些协议的激增在学术界和政策制定者中引发了疑问，即它们是否实际上开放了市场、创造了贸易、促进了经济增长和/或扭曲了贸易。本研究使用1975-2005年期间的面板数据和重力框架来确定双边/区域自由贸易协定对双边贸易在商品、农业和服装部门的影响。一个基准，赫克曼样本选择，和两个广义模型，其中一个解释互惠自由贸易协定的阶段效应，被用来衡量相互和非对称RTA成员对伙伴贸易的影响。
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