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英文文献：Analysis of Marketing Margins under Food Recalls and BSE Outbreaks in the U.S. Beef Industry-美国牛肉行业食品召回和疯牛病爆发的市场利润率分析一般认为，只要出现疾病爆发或食品召回的情况，商品价格就会随之下降
英文文献作者：Dhoubhadel, Sunil P.,Castillo, Sergio C.,Capps, Oral, Jr.
英文文献摘要：
It is generally observed that whenever there are cases of disease outbreaks or food recalls, there is a concomitant decline in commodity prices. However, it is still not clear what happens to price spreads among affected agents in the marketing chain. To shed light on this issue, we estimate the collective impact of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and food recalls on marketing margins associated with the U.S. beef industry over time. In previous research, the effects of these variables on the market demand of meat were estimated separately. By including these variables together in the same model specification we avoid the possibility of confounding their effects, and we are in position to obtain more precise estimates of elasticities of price transmission along the marketing chain.
然而，尚不清楚在营销链中受影响的代理商之间的价格价差会发生什么变化。为了阐明这一问题，我们评估了牛海绵状脑病(BSE)和食品召回对美国牛肉行业营销利润的总体影响。在以往的研究中，分别估计了这些变量对肉类市场需求的影响。通过将这些变量包括在同一个模型规格中，我们避免了混淆它们的影响的可能性，并且我们能够获得沿营销链的价格传导弹性的更精确的估计。
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