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英文文献：Testing Construct Validity of River Recreation Use Values: A Comparison of Direct Elicitation of Use Values to Use Values Inferred Indirectly from WTP for Total Economic Value-河流游憩利用价值的构效度测试:利用利用价值的直接抽取和利用利用价值的间接推断对总经济价值的比较
英文文献作者：Loomis, John B.
英文文献摘要：
The Total Economic Value (TEV of on-site use and passive use values) of avoiding a 50% reduction in current early summer high flows is estimated for a western urban river in Colorado. Using a contingent valuation method (CVM) survey of households we found that willingness to pay (WTP) for TEV of city households was $234 per year, with most of this value, $207, being use value. Using a second CVM question specifically about recreation use value of visitors yielded an estimated annual WTP of $156 per year. Given the large variances in estimated WTP, the two estimates of recreation use value are not significantly different. Summing up the TEV’s per household in the city yields an annual value of $171 to $255 per acre foot, several times larger than annual water lease rates in Northern Colorado.
科罗拉多州西部城市河流的总经济价值(现场使用和被动使用价值的TEV)预计将避免当前初夏高流量减少50%。通过对家庭的条件估值法(CVM)调查，我们发现城市家庭为TEV支付意愿(WTP)为每年234美元，其中大部分价值207美元，是使用价值。使用第二个CVM的问题，具体是关于游客的娱乐使用价值，估计每年的WTP为156美元。鉴于估计的休憩用地价值的方差较大，两种估计的休憩用地价值差异不显著。把这个城市的每户家庭的TEV的年价值加起来是每英亩英尺171到255美元，比北科罗拉多州的年水租赁价格高出好几倍。
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