发帖
雷达卡
英文文献：Carbon Abatement in the Fuel Market with Biofuels: Implications for Second-Best Policies-使用生物燃料的燃料市场的碳减排:对次优政策的影响
英文文献作者：Crago, Christine Lasco,Khanna, Madhu
英文文献摘要：
A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofuel as available fuel choices, in the presence of a labor tax and biofuel subsidy. The second-best optimal carbon tax is also quantified. Findings show that when biofuels is part of the fuel mix, the carbon tax has a commodity price effect which arises from tax-induced changes in land rent. The commodity price effect could exacerbate or attenuate the tax interaction effect caused by higher fuel prices, depending on the elasticity of substitution between gasoline and biofuel, the price elasticity of miles demand, and the relative emissions intensity of gasoline and biofuel. Numerical results show that the commodity price effect affects the value of the second-best optimal carbon tax, and that the effect is greater if the elasticity of substitution between gasoline and biofuel is high, miles is more price inelastic, and the GHG intensity of biofuel is lower compared to gasoline. In addition the existence of a fixed biofuel subsidy leads to a greater divergence between the value of the second-best optimal carbon tax with or without biofuels. A carbon tax policy decreases GHG emissions and increases welfare, in contrast to a biofuel subsidy, which also decreases GHG emissions but at a net welfare loss.
碳税将对汽油等碳密集型燃料进行惩罚，并将燃料消费转向碳密集型较低的替代品，如生物燃料。由于生物燃料生产与农业争夺土地，碳排放税可能提高土地租金，将土地转向燃料生产，并提高农产品价格。本文分析了在存在劳动力税和生物燃料补贴的情况下，以汽油和生物燃料作为燃料选择的碳税对燃料的福利效应。次优的碳税也被量化。研究结果显示，当生物燃料成为燃料组合的一部分时，碳税会产生商品价格效应，这是由税收引起的地租变化引起的。根据汽油和生物燃料之间的替代弹性、里程需求的价格弹性以及汽油和生物燃料的相对排放强度，商品价格效应可能会加剧或减弱由较高的燃料价格引起的税收相互作用效应。数值结果表明，商品价格效应影响了次优最优碳税的价值，当汽油和生物燃料的替代弹性高、miles的价格弹性更大、生物燃料的温室气体强度比汽油低时，这种效应更大。此外，固定的生物燃料补贴的存在，导致在有或没有生物燃料的情况下，次优的最优碳税的价值差异更大。碳税政策会减少温室气体排放并增加福利，而生物燃料补贴也会减少温室气体排放，但会造成净福利损失。
京公网安备 11010802022788号
