20190125【充实计划】第962期

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《思想的力量：哲学导论》

319. 《艰苦岁月》（Roughing It）马克吐温

320. 当代科学哲学家托马斯-库恩（Thomas Kuhn）认为：科学事业并非对理论的确证，而是在已有的科学“范式”当中解决所存在的谜题。
所谓范式，指的是特定的科学传统、科学视角。如牛顿物理学、托勒密宇宙学、基因理论。
观察中必然渗透着理论范式；不同的范式之间无法比较、不可通约。这个理论和所谓的反表象主义（antirepresentationalism）是相通的。

321. 分析哲学的认识论与形而上学是由交错的、分叉的小径构成的迷宫，它所关注的领域主要可以分为两大方面：一是经验、语言与世界之间的相互关系，另一方面是关于意识之本质的探讨。

分析哲学的第一套重要的形而上学理论就是逻辑原子主义（Logical atomism），它主要来自伯特兰-罗素和他的学生路德维希-维特根斯坦
这认识论就是所谓的现象主义。

在原子主义者看来，深奥的形而上学理论就包含在以下这个公认的真理中：关于这个世界，我们可以说出真实的命题；其中有些命题复合而成的，而复合命题原则上可以被分解为较简单的命题。

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Blockchain：
7.
Ledger
A ledger is a record for economic transactions that includes cash, accounts receivable, inventory, fixed assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, debt, equity, revenue, costs, salaries, wages, expenses, depreciation, and so on. In short, the book in which accounts are maintained is called a ledger. It is the primary record used by banks and other financial institutions to reconcile book balances. All the debits and credits during an accounting period are calculated to make the ledger balance.

The financial statements of banks, financial institutions, and enterprises are compiled using ledger accounts.

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Django: It's so difficult to solve some bugs. ....maybe different editions make it.
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fiat ['faiæt]
n. 命令, 严命, 许可
【医】 制成, 作成
【经】 正式命令, 法定的
noun
1 : a command or act of will that creates something without or as if without further effort
2 : an authoritative determination : DICTATE <a fiat of conscience>
3 : an authoritative or arbitrary order : DECREE <government by fiat>
//  an official order given by someone in a position of authority, without considering what other people want
//  by fiat
//  --The matter was settled by presidential fiat.//

充实每一天 发表于 2019-1-25 04:36
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1、昨日2小时，总计58小时；2、阅读《必然》、《1453》、复习会计。
3、【摘录】
除了可检索性以外，媒介中正在发生的另一项变革可总结为“可回放性”。在口头交流时代，当有人说话时，你需要仔细地听，因为一旦说完，词句就消失了。在录制技术发明之前，没有备份，就不能通过回放来聆听漏掉的内容。
几千年前，人类历史上发生了从口头交流到书面交流的巨大转变，这才使得听众（读者）有可能倒带至一个“演讲”的开头重新阅读。
4、【感悟】
其实这种”倒带”的功能也在加速人与人之间差距的拉大。我们很多时候容易对多而繁复的知识产生储存的意念，比如囤书、转存文件、点击收藏等等。反思自己，很多时候也会犯下这样的错误。我们应该善于利用这样的功能，通过“回放”增加知识的深度。
5、【单词】
Many of these obligations can give in to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is loaded against him.
<词汇>
complication n.[医]并发症;错杂，纠纷;混乱，精神错乱
(An added complication is the growing concern for the environment.)

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Material: Michael E.Porter ‘s paper named a Strategy for Health Care Reform- toward a value based system issued in Jul.09,2009 the New England Journal of Medicine.
Reflection: what we need now is a clear national comprehensive vision for the kind of health care system we want to achieve and a path for getting there. The central focus shall be increasing value for patients –the health outcomes achieved per dollar spent. Good outcomes that are achieved efficiently are the goal, not the false savings from cost shifting and restricted service. The only way to truly contain costs in health care is to improve outcomes: in a value-based system, achieving and maintaining good health is inherently less costly than dealing with poor health. True reform will require both moving toward universal insurance coverage and restructuring the care delivery system. How can we achieve universal coverage in a way that will support, rather than impede, a fundamental reorientation of the delivery system around value for patients? There are several critical steps.

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充实每一天 发表于 2019-1-25 04:36
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