昨日阅读3h,累计 740.5 h
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《思想的力量:哲学导论》
475. 18世纪的观点
对上帝存在的这类证明的基本内容就是世界以及它的组成部分都向着一个目标活动,从而展现出一种构思;即这个世界是由一个充满智慧的设计者创造的。
英国的经验主义者大卫-休谟对设计论证明的批判广为人知。
(在笛卡尔去世60年后,大卫休谟【David Hume,1711-1776】出生了),这段时间的欧洲历史目睹了科学和宗教两大对手之间出现清晰的竞争态势。
笛卡尔写作了《沉思录》(Meditations)和休谟撰写宗教文章之际,科学突飞猛进,特别在1687年,伊萨克-牛顿爵士发布了《自然哲学的数学原理》(Principa Mathematica),其体系用科学的方式肯定了霍布斯早先用哲学方式得出的结论:宇宙是一团运动着的物质集合体,不需要或者没有地方安置上帝。
休谟对宗教的质疑证据确凿,使得许多人血压飙升。
其经验主义认识论原则(若合理的话)实际上排除了一切具有重要意义的本体论证明的可能性。
(本体论最重要的批判出自康德之手)
476. 神迹
一些基督徒把神迹看作神做工的证据,然休谟对此表示高度怀疑。
他推理到,神迹破坏了诸如水往低处流或者火焚烧木头这样的自然规律。
人类相同的经验是自然规律的证据,因此很难想象存在着什么真正的神迹。休谟写道:任何证据都不足以建立一个神迹,除非它的力量太强大,使得它的”虚妄“比它所欲建立起来的那种事实更神奇。
477. 美国著名的爱国主义托马斯-潘恩曾经问以下哪种情况更可能发生:一个人撒谎还是河水向上游流动?
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Blockchain:
Censorship resistance
Decentralized systems tend to be much harder to censor because of a lack of a central authority to do the censoring. For free-speech and free-information purists, this is not seen as a downside in the slightest. However, some information (child pornography, hate speech, bomb-making instructions) is seen as dangerous or immoral for public dissemination and therefore should be censored. As a technology, anything actually written into the blockchain is immutable once the block holding that information is finished. For instance, Steemit is a blockchain-based social blogging platform where each post is saved to the chain. Once each block is finalized, the data cannot be removed. Clients of the system could choose not to show information, but the information would still be there for those who wanted to look.
The desire for censorship extends to self-censorship. Content written to the change is immutable—even for its author. For instance, financial transactions done via bitcoin can never be hidden from authorities. While bitcoin is anonymous, once a person is attached to a bitcoin wallet, it is possible to easily track every transaction ever done since the beginning of the blockchain.
Because of this, a blockchain-based national currency would allow perfect taxation—due to perfect financial surveillance of the chain. Censorship resistance is thus a double-edged sword.


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