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英文文献：Location and Product Choice in Option Demand Markets-选择需求市场中的位置和产品选择
英文文献作者：Gilad Sorek
英文文献摘要：
Consumers' uncertainty regarding their future needs generates demand for options to utilize different products. Such options are commonly sold in the form of insurance. A prime example for option demand presents in health care markets and other repair markets. This work studies two-dimensional spatial competition between medical providers who choose their geographical location and medical-care specialization (i.e. product differentiation). Consumers know their geographical address but do not know their preferred medical treatment before getting sick. Providers make location and product choices and then compete by selling options to utilize their services (i.e. health insurance). I characterize two types of equilibria: one with Min-Min differentiation that is complete assimilation and the other with Min-Intermediate differentiation, in which both providers locate at the city center and product differentiation is efficient. In the first equilibrium each consumer buys insurance for one provider only and in the second all consumers are buying insurance for both providers. I further show that under regulated locations product differentiation first increases with regulated geographic distance and then it decreases. For intermediate regulated distance consumers who reside around the city center buy insurance for both providers and those at the city ends buy insurance only for the nearby provider.
消费者对未来需求的不确定性产生了对使用不同产品选择的需求。这些期权通常以保险的形式出售。医疗保健市场和其他维修市场是期权需求的一个主要例子。本研究研究了地理位置选择的医疗提供者之间的二维空间竞争和医疗专业化(即产品差异化)。消费者在患病前知道自己的地理地址，但不知道自己喜欢的医疗服务。供应商做出地点和产品选择，然后通过出售选择来利用他们的服务(即健康保险)进行竞争。我描述了两种类型的均衡:一种是具有完全同化的最小-最小差异化，另一种是具有最小-中间差异化，在这种均衡中，供应商都位于城市中心，产品差异化是有效的。在第一种均衡中，每个消费者只为一个供应商购买保险，而在第二种均衡中，所有消费者都为两个供应商购买保险。进一步表明，在管制区位下，产品差异化首先随着管制地理距离的增加而增加，然后逐渐减小。对于居住在市中心附近的中控距离消费者，他们同时为两家保险公司购买保险，而居住在城市尽头的消费者只为附近的保险公司购买保险。
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