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英文文献：The Impacts of Change in Local Industrial Composition on Off-Farm Labor Supply-地方产业结构变化对非农劳动力供给的影响
英文文献作者：Brown, Jason P.
英文文献摘要：
Most U.S. farm households have either the operator or spouse working off-farm for wages and salaries or proprietorships. Additionally, off-farm income continues to grow as a share of total household income. Little is known about how changes in local industrial composition impact off-farm labor decisions. Using a household utility maximization framework, this analysis employs a two-stage process to 1) predict joint off-farm labor participation of operators and spouses, and 2) measure the impact of farm and household characteristics, and changes in county-level industry on levels of off-farm labor supply. Results show that labor participation decisions are jointly determined. Human capital is among the most significant individual characteristics impacting labor supply. The most important factors are the industrial sector of the off-farm job, and whether that sector is growing or in decline. Growth in retail trade and service employment is associated with increases in labor supply for the operator and spouse.
大多数美国农场家庭要么是经营者，要么是其配偶在农场以外工作以获取工资和薪水，要么是业主。此外，非农收入占家庭总收入的比重继续上升。关于当地工业构成的变化如何影响非农劳动力决策，人们知之甚少。利用家庭效用最大化框架，本分析采用两阶段过程，以1)预测经营者及其配偶的联合非农劳动力参与，2)衡量农场和家庭特征，以及县级产业的变化对非农劳动力供给水平的影响。结果表明，劳动参与决策是共同决定的。人力资本是影响劳动力供给的最重要的个体特征之一。最重要的因素是非农就业的工业部门，以及该部门是在增长还是在下降。零售贸易和服务就业的增长与经营者和配偶的劳动力供应增加有关。
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