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英文文献：Innovation, Learning Organizations and Industrial Relations-创新、学习型组织和劳资关系
英文文献作者：Peter Nielsen,Bengt-?ke Lundvall
英文文献摘要：
Innovation may be seen as a process of knowledge creation and the speed and direction of knowledge creation reflects the organizational set-up of the firm as well as its investments in R&D and training. Establishing ‘a learning organization’ where horizontal interaction and communication inside and across the borders of the firm is a major factor promoting knowledge creation in the context of a learning economy. An important issue is to what extent direct and indirect participation of employees in shaping the new form of organization is critical for its realization. On the basis of a unique data set covering 2000 Danish private firms it is demonstrated that firms combining several of the organizational traits of the learning organization are much more prone to introduce new products than the others. It is also demonstrated that such firms have involved employees in different forms of direct and indirect participation much more frequently than the rest. As more sectors become exposed to the need to engage in incremental product and service innovation the economic potential of diffusing good practices in terms of organization and participation is growing and needs to be reflected in firm strategies and public policies aiming at promoting innovation and knowledge creation.
创新可以看作是一个知识创造的过程，知识创造的速度和方向反映了企业的组织结构，以及企业在研发和培训方面的投入。在学习型经济背景下，建立“学习型组织”，使企业内部和跨国界的横向互动和交流成为促进知识创造的主要因素。一个重要的问题是，在何种程度上，员工直接和间接地参与形成新的组织形式对实现它至关重要。基于涵盖2000个丹麦私营企业的独特数据集，研究表明，具有学习型组织若干组织特征的企业比其他企业更倾向于引进新产品。研究还表明，这类企业比其他企业更频繁地让员工以直接和间接的不同形式参与。随着越来越多的部门需要从事增量产品和服务创新，在组织和参与方面传播良好做法的经济潜力正在增长，需要在旨在促进创新和知识创造的企业战略和公共政策中反映出来。
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