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英文文献：The Effects of Food Labeling and Dietary Guidance on Nutrition in the United States-食品标签和膳食指南对美国营养的影响食品标签法规、饮食指南和营养教育不断演变，以解决美国出现的健康和营养问题
英文文献作者：Parks, Joanna
英文文献摘要：
Food label regulations, dietary guidance, and nutrition education have continually evolved to address emerging health and nutrition concerns in the United States. Using the most recently available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008, this study examines the individual characteristics associated with food label use and estimates the effect of using food labels on nutrient intake. Using an instrumental variables methodology I find that using the Nutrition Facts panel (NFP) decreases total calories consumed per day by 120 kilocalories, just shy of the calories in one can of regular soda, and enough to explain at least an 11 pound difference in steady state body weight. In general I find that, using food labels may reduce CVD risk and facilitate the management of body weight and diet-related health conditions such as hypertension. The results provide evidence that food labels and dietary guidance have helped consumers make healthier choices and that they have the potential to help those who do not yet use these tools.
利用2007-2008年国家健康和营养检查调查的最新数据，这项研究调查了与食品标签使用相关的个体特征，并估计了使用食品标签对营养摄入的影响。使用工具变量法，我发现使用营养事实面板(NFP)可以减少每天摄入的总热量120千卡，仅比一罐普通汽水的热量少，足以解释在稳定状态下体重至少有11磅的差异。总的来说，我发现使用食品标签可以降低心血管疾病的风险，促进对体重和与饮食有关的健康状况的管理，如高血压。研究结果表明，食品标签和饮食指导已经帮助消费者做出更健康的选择，而且它们有可能帮助那些尚未使用这些工具的人。
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