弹性价格下的流动性通缩和流动性陷阱:一些微观基础和启示
LIQUIDITY DEFLATION AND LIQUIDITY TRAP UNDER FLEXIBLE PRICES:SOME MICROFOUNDATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
作者:
吉列尔莫·卡尔沃(Guillermo A.Calvo)
The paper discusses simple microfoundations for Liquidity Deflation (Calvo 2016, Chapter 2),which gives rise to liquidity trap under perfectly flexible prices/wages. Unlike Keynes (1936),this is a Supply Side Liquidity Trap, SSLT, not resolved by a fall in prices /wages, or massivehelicopter increase in liquid government liabilities. However, escaping SSLT could be achievedby low policy interest rates on money (unless ZLB holds) and, more interestingly, higher inflationdriven by administered prices/wages. Moreover, contrary to (Friedman 1969), under LiquidityDeflation the Optimal Quantity of Money does not call for liquidity satiation, and may bedangerously close to SSLT.本文讨论了流动性通缩的简单微观基础(Calvo 2016,第2章),这在完全灵活的价格/工资情况下引发了流动性陷阱。与凯恩斯(1936)不同,这是一个供应方流动性陷阱,即SSLT,无法通过价格/工资下降或直升飞机ZF流动性债务大量增加来解决。但是,可以通过较低的货币政策利率(除非ZLB持有)以及更有趣的是,受管理的价格/工资驱动的更高的通货膨胀率来逃避SSLT。此外,与(Friedman 1969)相反,在流动性通缩中,最优货币数量不要求流动性满足,并且可能危险地接近SSLT。


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