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英文文献：Gatekeepers in Regional Networks of Innovators-区域创新网络的看门人
英文文献作者：Holger Graf
英文文献摘要：
Strong interaction of innovative actors within a local network is commonly said to increase the region-specific knowledge-stock, leading to a comparative advantage. However, it might also lead to a lock-in situation, if local trajectories are directed towards inferior solutions. Accordingly, it is argued that successful clusters are characterised by the existence of gatekeepers, i.e. actors that generate novelty by drawing on local and external knowledge. We study the role and characteristics of gatekeepers within regional innovation systems by applying social network analysis based on patent data for four East-German regions. The regional networks appear to be significantly different with respect to the degree of interaction and with respect to their outward orientation. Concerning the characteristics of gatekeepers, we find that absorptive capacity is more important than size. Public research organisations serve the functions of a gatekeeper to a higher degree than private actors.
创新行动者在当地网络内的强烈互动通常被认为可以增加特定区域的知识存量，从而形成比较优势。但是，如果局部的发展方向是较差的解决办法，这也可能导致一种锁定的情况。因此，有人认为，成功的集群的特征是存在看门人，即通过利用本地和外部知识产生新颖性的行动者。摘要本研究以四个东德地区的专利资料为基础，运用社会网络分析方法，研究区域创新系统中看门人的角色及特征。各区域网络在相互作用的程度和向外的方向方面似乎有很大的不同。关于看门人的特征，我们发现吸收能力比规模更重要。公共研究机构比私人机构在更大程度上扮演着看门人的角色。
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