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英文文献：Who Do Scientists in Public Research Institutions Cooperate with Private Firms?-公共研究机构的科学家与私营公司合作的是谁?
英文文献作者：David B. Audretsch,Werner B?nte,Stefan Krabel
英文文献摘要：
As public research institutions are increasingly pressured to transfer research results to industry, evaluation of their performance is not only based on their scientific output but also on their commercialization success. Although it is well known that research cooperation activities are an important channel of knowledge transfer, the knowledge about factors driving research cooperation is limited. This paper explicitly focuses on scientist perspective and investigates the relevance of academic values and perceived costs and benefits of cooperation for a scientist's decision to cooperate with private firms. Our analysis is based on two survey waves performed with scientists in the Max Planck Society in Germany which is a publicly funded research organization focusing on basic research. Our empirical results suggest that open science identity is an important determinant of scientist fundamental decision to cooperate with private firms at all. The decision to keep on cooperating with private firms is directly influenced by cost sharing incentives and by firms' confidentiality requirements. Besides these direct effects, our results suggest that perceived reputational reward, monetary benefits, and time costs associated with cooperation influence cooperation behavior indirectly through their impact on the attractiveness of cooperation. The latter is a strong and robust predictor of cooperation behavior.
随着公共研究机构将研究成果转化为产业的压力越来越大，对其绩效的评价不仅基于其科研成果，还基于其商业化成功程度。众所周知，科研合作活动是知识转移的重要渠道，但关于推动科研合作的因素的知识是有限的。本文明确地关注于科学家的视角，并调查了学术价值和感知的合作成本和利益与科学家决定与私营企业合作的相关性。我们的分析是基于与德国马克斯·普朗克学会的科学家进行的两轮调查，该学会是一个公共资助的研究机构，专注于基础研究。我们的实证结果表明，开放科学身份是科学家与私营企业合作的一个重要决定因素。继续与私营企业合作的决定直接受到分担成本的激励措施和企业的保密要求的影响。除了这些直接影响外，我们的研究结果还表明，与合作相关的感知声誉回报、金钱利益和时间成本通过对合作吸引力的影响，间接影响合作行为。后者是合作行为强有力的预测因子。
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