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英文文献：Catching-Up, Crisis and Industrial Upgrading. Evolutionary Aspects of Technological Learning in Korea's Electronics Industry-追赶、危机与产业升级。韩国电子工业技术学习的进化方面
英文文献作者：Dieter Ernst
英文文献摘要：
This paper addresses a puzzle: How is it possible that a country that has established a broad, export-oriented industrial base at record speed, remains vulnerable to the vicissitudes of international finance and currency markets? I argue that the Korean model that was tremendously successful for catching-up, has now reached its limits. The analysis centers on the co-evolution of industry structure and firm behavior. The focus is on the role of technological learning for the development of the electronics industry, a main carrier of Korea?s successful late industrialization. It is shown that a heavy reliance on credit and an extremely unbalanced industry structure have given rise to a narrow knowledge base and a sticky pattern of specialization. Catching-up has focused on capacity and international market share expansion for homogeneous, mass-produced products; very little upgrading has occurred into higher-end and rapidly growing market segments for differentiated products and services. Such truncated upgrading is one important reason for Korea?s vulnerability to the financial and currency crisis.
本文解决了一个难题:一个以创纪录的速度建立了广泛的、以出口为导向的工业基础的国家，怎么可能在国际金融和货币市场的变化面前依然脆弱?我认为，在追赶方面取得巨大成功的韩国模式，现在已经到了极限。分析的重点是产业结构与企业行为的协同演化。重点是技术学习在电子工业发展中的作用，电子工业是韩国晚期工业化成功的主要载体。结果表明，企业对信贷的严重依赖和产业结构极不平衡导致了企业知识基础狭窄和专业化的粘性模式。追赶重点是扩大同质、大批量生产的产品的产能和国际市场份额;在高端和快速增长的细分市场中，差异化产品和服务的升级很少。这种短暂的升级是韩国在金融和货币危机中不堪一击的一个重要原因。
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