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The Myopia of Learning

文献名称	The Myopia of Learning
文献作者	Daniel A. Levinthal; James G. March
作者所在单位	The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania;Graduate School of Business, Stanford University
文献分类	已发表文献
学科一级分类	管理
学科二级分类	管理学
文献摘要	Organizational learning has many virtues, virtues which recent writings in strategic management have highlighted. Learning processes, however, are subject to some important limitations. As is well-known, learning has to cope with confusing experience and the complicated problem of balancing the competing goals of developing new knowledge (i.e., exploring) and exploiting current competencies in the face of dynamic tendencies to emphasize one or the other. We examine the ways organizations approach these problems through simplification and specialization and how those approaches contribute to three forms of learning myopia, the tendency to overlook distant times, distant places, and failures, and we identify some ways in which organizations sustain exploration in the face of a tendency to overinvest in exploitation. We conclude that the imperfections of learning are not so great as to require abandoning attempts to improve the learning capabilities of organizations, but that those imperfections suggest a certain conservatism in expectations.
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关键字	Organizational learning, adaptation, inertia
发表所在刊物（或来源）	Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 14, Special Issue: Organizations, Decision Making and Strategy (Winter, 1993), 95-112.
发表时间	Winter, 1993
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