管理The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology

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The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology

文献名称	The Market for Know-How and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology
文献作者	David J. Teece
作者所在单位	Graduate School of Business, Stanford University
文献分类	已发表文献
学科一级分类	管理
学科二级分类	管理学
文献摘要	This article explores the nature of international technology transfer and the operation of the market for know-how. It begins by examining the relationship between codification and transfer costs and then analyzes various imperfections in the market for know-how. The special properties of know-how are shown to confound various aspects of the exchange process when arms-length contracting is involved. The internalization of the exchange process within multinational firms serves to bypass many of these difficulties, and explains why the multinational firm is of such importance. Several forms of regulation of technology imports and exports are examined. It is discovered that the process is insufficiently well understood to permit the design of effective regulation that, moreover, appears unlikely to eliminate inefficiency. An efficiency focus is maintained throughout since I feel no qualification to pontificate on complex and confused distributional issues.
参考文献	S. Kuznets, Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure, Spread. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966). The concept and measurement of the resource cost of transfer can be found in David Teece, The Multinational Corporation and the Resource Cost of International Technology Transfer (Cambridge: Ballinger, 1976), and in "Technology Transfer by Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of International Technology Transfer," Economic Journal (June 1977). These ideas are developed further in C. E. Shannon and W. Weaver, The Mathematical Theory of Communication (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1949). I am grateful to Max Boisot for drawing them to my attention. See David Teece, "Technology Transfer by Multinational Firms: The Resource Cost of International Technology Transfer," Economic Journal (June 1977). G. Calabresi, "Transactions Costs, Resource Allocation, and Liability Rules: A Comment," Journal of Law and Economics, (April 1968). I. Kirzner, Competition and Entrepreneurship (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962), p. 215. K. J. Arrow, Essays in the Theory of Risk Bearing (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1971). See Stephen Magee, "Information and Multinational Corporation: An Appropriability Theory of Direct Foreign Investment," in The New International Economic Order, ed. Jagdish Bhagwati (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977), p. 318. See Michael Polanyi, Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post Critical Philosophy (Chicago: University oDfo wCnhloaidceda fgroom Panrne.ssasge,p u1b9.c5om8) a.t Remen Peter Killing, "Technology Acquisition : License Agreement or Joint Venture," Columbia Journal of World Business (Fall 1980). Harvey Wallender, "Developing Country Orientations Towards Foreign Technology in the Eighties: Implications for New Negotiation Approaches," Columbia Journal of World Business (summer 1980): 21-22. See UNCTAD, "Draft International Code of Conduct on the Transfer of Technology," TD/CODE/TOT/20. See UNCTAD, "Selected Legislation, Policies and Practices on the Transfer of Technology," TD/B/C.6/48. See Lee Iacocca, "Multinational Investment and Global Purpose," speech delivered before the Swiss-American Chamber of Commerce," Zurich, June 17, 1977. Reprinted in Vital Speeches, 15 Sept. 1977. See "Those Worrisome Technology Exports," Fortune, 22 May 1978, p. 106. An example commonly cited is that of Piper aircraft. Until a few years ago, Brazil William Winpisinger, "The Case Against Exporting U.S. Technology," Research Management (March 1978): 21 Jack Baranson, "Technology Exports Can Hurt," Foreign Policy, 25 (Winter 1976- 77).See Edwin Mansfield and Anthony Romeo, "Technology Transfer to Overseas Subsidiaries by U.S.-Based Firms," Research Paper, University of Pennsylvania, 1979. See Edwin Mansfield, Anthony Romeo, and Samuel Wagner, "Foreign Trade and U.S. Research and Development," Review of Economics and Statistics, 1979. In 1980, allegations of export control violations in the United States numbered 350, up from 200 in 1979. Business Week, 27 April 1981, p. 131.
关键字	Market for Know-How ; Efficient International Transfer of Technology
发表所在刊物（或来源）	The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1981 458: 81 DOI: 10.1177/000271628145800107
发表时间	1981
适用研究领域	管理学
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