经济The Returns to Skill in the United States across the Twentieth Century

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The Returns to Skill in the United States across the Twentieth Century

文献名称	The Returns to Skill in the United States across the Twentieth Century
文献作者	Claudia Goldin, Lawrence F. Katz
作者所在单位	NBER
文献分类	已发表文献
学科一级分类	经济
学科二级分类	经济史
文献摘要	Economic inequality is higher today than it has been since 1939, as measured by both the wage structure and wealth inequality. But the comparison between 1939 and 1999 is largely made out of necessity; the 1940 U.S. population census was the first to inquire of wage and salary income and education. We address what the returns to skill were prior to 1940 and piece together the first century-long history of skill premiums, the dispersion of the wage structure, and returns to formal schooling. We use the 1915 Iowa State Census, a remarkable and unique document, as well as several less-obscure but untapped reports. Using all of these sources, we find that the wage structure narrowed at several moments in the first half of the 20th century, not just in the 1940s, both coinciding with major economic disruptions brought about by war. The returns to education were in fact higher in 1914 than in 1939, and the enormous expansion in secondary schooling beginning in the 1910s was a contributing factor to the decrease in educational returns. Inequality and the returns to education across the entire century, therefore, first declined before their more recent and steep ascent.
参考文献
关键字	United States,return
发表所在刊物（或来源）	Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 107, no. 6, part 2 (December 1999): S65-S94. ,
发表时间	December 1999
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