[经济学] 经济不平等与伊斯兰慈善：一个基于代理人的探索性研究 建模方法 [推广有奖]

摘要翻译：
经济不平等是世界各国大多数经济和社会政策制定者确保经济可持续增长和公平的关键问题之一。在主流经济学派，即新古典理论中，经济问题是以机械的方式处理的。这样一个主流框架主要侧重于研究一个基于公理方案的社会经济系统，在公理方案中，还原论方法起着至关重要的作用。这些理论的主要局限性包括：经济主体的无限理性，将经济总量简化为一组可预测的因素，缺乏对经济主体适应性和演化本质的关注。在过去的二十年里，为了解决传统经济模型的不足，一些新的方法被引入。复杂适应系统(CAS)框架是其中一种新的方法，它在实际应用中表现出了非常有希望的性能。与主流学派不同的是，在这一框架下，经济现象是以一种有机的方式来研究的，经济主体既是有界理性的，又是适应性的。根据这一理论，经济总量是从一个系统的主体决定和相互作用的方式中产生的。基于Agent的模型(ABMs)作为CASs建模的一种强有力的方法，在学术界和实践者中得到了越来越广泛的应用。ABMs揭示了Agent在微观尺度上的简单行为规则和它们之间的局部相互作用如何在宏观尺度上产生令人惊讶的复杂模式。本文利用ABMs来说明（1）经济不平等是如何在一个系统中出现的，并解释（2）作为伊斯兰慈善规则的萨达卡是如何帮助缓解不平等的，以及慈善实体采取的资源分配策略是如何加速这种缓解的。
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英文标题：
《Economic inequality and Islamic Charity: An exploratory agent-based
  modeling approach》
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作者：
Hossein Sabzian, Alireza Aliahmadi, Adel Azar, Madjid Mirzaee
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最新提交年份：
2018
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：Econometrics        计量经济学
分类描述：Econometric Theory, Micro-Econometrics, Macro-Econometrics, Empirical Content of Economic Relations discovered via New Methods, Methodological Aspects of the Application of Statistical Inference to Economic Data.
计量经济学理论，微观计量经济学，宏观计量经济学，通过新方法发现的经济关系的实证内容，统计推论应用于经济数据的方法论方面。
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英文摘要：
  Economic inequality is one of the pivotal issues for most of economic and social policy makers across the world to insure the sustainable economic growth and justice. In the mainstream school of economics, namely neoclassical theories, economic issues are dealt with in a mechanistic manner. Such a mainstream framework is majorly focused on investigating a socio-economic system based on an axiomatic scheme where reductionism approach plays a vital role. The major limitations of such theories include unbounded rationality of economic agents, reducing the economic aggregates to a set of predictable factors and lack of attention to adaptability and the evolutionary nature of economic agents. In tackling deficiencies of conventional economic models, in the past two decades, some new approaches have been recruited. One of those novel approaches is the Complex adaptive systems (CAS) framework which has shown a very promising performance in action. In contrast to mainstream school, under this framework, the economic phenomena are studied in an organic manner where the economic agents are supposed to be both boundedly rational and adaptive. According to it, the economic aggregates emerge out of the ways agents of a system decide and interact. As a powerful way of modeling CASs, Agent-based models (ABMs) has found a growing application among academicians and practitioners. ABMs show that how simple behavioral rules of agents and local interactions among them at micro-scale can generate surprisingly complex patterns at macro-scale. In this paper, ABMs have been used to show (1) how an economic inequality emerges in a system and to explain (2) how sadaqah as an Islamic charity rule can majorly help alleviating the inequality and how resource allocation strategies taken by charity entities can accelerate this alleviation.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.09284