1. 金融研究的方法; 1- 绝对定价理论:资产的价格从无到有,从供给与需求的均衡出 发进行定价; 2- 相对定价理论 - 无套利定价理论:给定一些资产,定出一些与该资产相关的一些资产的价格,如给定股票,定出其衍生品,如股票期权的价格,即金融衍生品的定价理论;无套利机会—无投入而有产出;套利机会的产生与消失—套利行为导致无均衡假设的成立;无套利分析中,只假设人会利用套利机会,因此,无套利定价比均衡定价少了很多假设,因此,无套利定价的结果将会更加精确;无套利定价的开端是 B-S 期权定价模型,无套利定价的核心是利用已知价格的资产复制出需要定价的资产; 买卖权平价:组合 A 包括欧式的买入期权,期权在 T 时刻到期,行权价是 K ;以及 K*exp ( -rT )的现金(含折现因子);组合 B 包括欧式的卖出期权,期权在 T 时刻到期,行权价是 K ;以及 1 股的股份;假设到 T 时刻,股票价格变成 St ,组合 A 的价值为 max ( St , K );组合 B 的价值为 max ( St , K );组合 A 与组合 B 在 t 时期的价值是一样的,因此推断,组合 A 与组合 B 在零时刻的价格应当是一样的,否则将存在套利机会;组合 A 在零时刻的价格是期权价值 c 加上 K*exp ( -rT ),组合 B 在零时刻的价格是期权价值 p 加上股票价格 S0 ;因此,知道 call option 价格,即知道 put option 价格,反之亦然;分析过程中没有对人的行为与金融市场结构进行任何假设,而给出非常精确的结果,这种结果是均衡定价无法做到的,在无套利假设的基础上,发展出了金融经济学与金融工程学,形成庞大的金融衍生品市场与金融工具市场;无套利假设是金融工具定价的基础;相对定价与绝对定价的意义差不多; 均衡定价时,需要进行理性人假设;大量心理学实验证实了人在一些行为上是不具有理性的,如过度自信、过度悲观等(行为金融学);用行为偏差的假设替代完全理性人的假设,将会得到不同的资产价格,即有限理性假设,推出行为金融学;行为金融学的核心是对理性人假设的修正;
影响历史进程的50篇金融文章 ——Jurnal of Finance自诞生以来引用次数最高的50篇文章 由美国金融学会主办的学术杂志《金融学杂志》(Journal Of Finance),自1946年创刊以来主要刊载金融理论及投资、货币、银行、保险和金融市场等方面的文章。该刊目前由美国出版商Wiley-Blackwell 代美国金融学会出版。2008年影响因子:4.018,在ISI 同类48 本期刊中排名第1,是金融领域同时也是经济领域被引用最多的期刊之一。 Harry Markowitz发表于1952年3月刊的论文《证券组合选择》,后来成了证券组合管理理论的基石;1961年,William Vickrey发表于该杂志的文章,对拍卖做了经典的分析。一年后,William F. Sharpe发表了《资本资产价格:风险条件下的市场均衡理论》一文,与Lintner等人的研究,共同发现了资本资产定价模型;1970年5月,Eugene F. Fama发表了《有效市场:理论与经验研究的评论》,正式提出了有效市场假说;四年后,Robert C. Merton发表了《企业债务的定价》,用期权定价模型解决了企业的定价问题;世纪末,Andrei Shleifer在该刊发表了对公司治理的研究,此文至今仍被大量引用…… 现在,让我们一起看看那些曾经书写历史的学术论文吧。 1) Portfolio Selection Harry Markowitz Volume 7, Issue 1 March 1952 2) Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk William F. Sharpe Volume 19, Issue 3 September 1964 3) Efficient Capital Markets: Review Of Theory And Empirical Work Eugene F. Fama Volume 25, Issue 2 May 1970 4) The Cross-Section Of Expected Stock Returns Eugene F. Fama, Kenneth R. French Volume 47, Issue 2 June 1992 5) Counterspeculation, Auctions, And Competitive Sealed Tenders William Vickrey Volume 16, Issue 1 March 1961 6) A Survey Of Corporate Governance Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 52, Issue 2 June 1997 7) Legal Determinants Of External Finance Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 52, Issue 3 July 1997 8) Corporate Ownership Around The World Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer Volume 54, Issue 2 April 1999 9) On the Pricing Of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure Of Interest Rates Robert C. Merton Volume 29, Issue 2 May 1974 10) Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy Edward I. Altman Volume 23, Issue 4 September 1968 11) The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, And The Failure Of Internal Control-Systems Michael C. Jensen Volume 48, Issue 3 July 1993 12) On Persistence In Mutual Fund Performance Mark M. Carhart Volume 52, Issue 1 March 1997 13) On The Relation Between The Expected Value And The Volatility Of The Nominal Excess Return On Stocks Lawrence R. Glosten, Ravi Jagannathan, David E. Runkle Volume 48, Issue 5 December 1993 14) Returns To Buying Winners And Selling Losers: Implications For Stock Market Efficiency Narasimhan Jegadeesh, Sheridan Titman Volume 48, Issue 1 March 1993 15) Informational Asymmetries, Financial Structure, And Financial Intermediation Hayne E. Leland, David H. Pyle Volume 32, Issue 2 May 1977 16) The Pricing Of Options On Assets With Stochastic Volatilities John Hull, Alan White Volume 42, Issue 2 June 1987 17) Efficient Capital Markets: II Eugene F. Fama Volume 46, Issue 5 December 1991 18) Does The Stock Market Overreact? Werner F. M. De Bondt, Richard Thaler Volume 40, Issue 3 July 1985 19) Multifactor Explanations Of Asset Pricing Anomalies Eugene F. Fama, Kenneth R. French Volume 51, Issue 1 March 1996 20) The Capital Structure Puzzle Stewart C. Myers Volume 39, Issue 3 July 1984 21) The Performance Of Mutual Funds In Period 1945-1964 Michael C. Jensen Volume 23, Issue 2 May 1968 22) Debt And Taxes Merton H. Miller Volume 32, Issue 2 May 1977 23) What Do We Know About Capital Structure? Some Evidence From International Data Raghuram G. Rajan, Luigi Zingales Volume 50, Issue 5 December 1995 24) The Benefits Of Lending Relationships: Evidence From Small Business Data Mitchell A. Petersen, Raghuram G. Rajan Volume 49, Issue 1 March 1994 25) Measuring And Testing The Impact Of News On Volatility Robert F. Engle, Victor K. Ng Volume 48, Issue 5 December 1993 26) Investor Psychology And Security Market Under- And Overreactions Kent Daniel, David Hirshleifer, Avanidhar Subrahmanyam Volume 53, Issue 6 December 1998 27) Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, And Risk Josef Lakonishok, Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 49, Issue 5 December 1994 28) A Simple Model Of Capital Market Equilibrium With Incomplete Information Robert C. Merton Volume 42, Issue 3 July 1987 29) Insiders And Outsiders: The Choice Between Informed And Arms-Length Debt Raghuram G. Rajan Volume 47, Issue 4 September 1992 30) Why Does Stock Market Volatility Change Over Time? G. William Schwert Volume 44, Issue 5 September 1989 31) The Determinants Of Capital Structure Choice Sheridan Titman, Roberto Wessels Volume 43, Issue 1 March 1988 32) Inferring Trade Direction From Intraday Data Charles M.C. Lee, Mark J. Ready Volume 46, Issue 2 June 1991 33) The New Issues Puzzle Tim Loughran, Jay R. Ritter Volume 50, Issue 1 March 1995 34) The Limits Of Arbitrage Andrei Shleifer, Robert W. Vishny Volume 52, Issue 1 March 1997 35) Noise Fischer Black Volume 41, Issue 3 July 1986 36) Investor Protection And Corporate Valuation Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, Robert Vishny Volume 57. Issue 3 June 2002 37) The Theory Of Capital Structure Milton Harris, Artur Raviv Volume 46, Issue 1 March 1991 38) The Long-Run Performance Of Initial Public Offerings Jay R. Ritter Volume 46, Issue 1 March 1991 39) Initial Public Offerings And Underwriter Reputation Richard Carter, Steven Manaster Volume 45, Issue 4 September 1990 40) Dividend Policy Under Asymmetric Information Merton H. Miller, Kevin Rock Volume 40, Issue 4 September 1985 41) A Simple Implicit Measure Of The Effective Bid-Ask Spread In An Efficient Market Richard Roll Volume 39, Issue 4 September 1984 42) Empirical Performance Of Alternative Option Pricing Models Gurdip Bakshi, Charles Cao, Zhiwu Chen Volume 52, Issue 5 December 1997 43) Compensation And Incentives: Practice vs. Theory George P. Baker, Michael C. Jensen, Kevin J. Murphy Volume 43, Issue 3 July 1988 44) Are Investors Reluctant To Realize Their Losses? Terrance Odean Volume 53, Issue 5 October 1998 45) Size And Book-To-Market Factors In Earnings And Returns Eugene F. Fama, Kenneth R. French Volume 50, Issue 1 March 1995 46) Security Prices, Risk, And Maximal Gains From Diversification John Lintner Volume 20, Issue 4 December 1965 47) An Empirical Comparison Of Alternative Models Of The Short-Term Interest-Rate K. C. Chan, G. Andrew Karolyi, Francis A. Longstaff, Anthony B. Sanders Volume 47, Issue 3 July 1992 48) Risk Management Coordinating Corporate Investment And Financing Policies Kenneth A. Froot, David S. Scharfstein, Jeremy C. Stein Volume 48, Issue 5 December 1993 49) Disentangling The Incentive And Entrenchment Effects Of Large Shareholdings Stijn Claessens, Simeon Djankov, Joseph P. H. Fan, Larry H. P. Lang Volume 57, Issue 6 December 2002 50) Valuing Corporate Securities: Some Effects Of Bond Indenture Provisions Fischer Black, John C. Cox Volume 31, Issue 2 May 1976 (转自经济金融网)