参考来源 （英文） Rick Durrett. Probability: theory and examples ,4th edition. Cambridge University Press. 2000. ISBN 0521765390 . ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 （英文） Peter Mrters, Yuval Peres. Brownian Motion . Cambridge University Press Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics. 2010. ISBN 9780521760188 . ^ （英文） Steven E. Shreve. Stochastic Calculus for Finance II: Continuous Time Models . Springer. 2008. ISBN 978-0-387-40101-0 . ^ Nizar Touzi, Peter Tankov. Calcul Stochastique en Finance . Les ditions de l'cole Polytechnique. 2010. Kleinert, Hagen , Path Integrals in Quantum Mechanics, Statistics, Polymer Physics, and Financial Markets , 4th edition, World Scientific (Singapore, 2004); Paperback ISBN 981-238-107-4 (also available online: PDF-files ) Stark,Henry, John W. Woods , Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing , 3rd edition, Prentice Hall (New Jersey, 2002); Textbook ISBN 0-13-020071-9 Daniel Revuz and Marc Yor, Continuous martingales and Brownian motion , second edition, Springer-Verlag 1994.
Productivity Effectiveness with which factors of production are converted into output. Taken together, do all the factors of production explain all of the variation among countries? Countries differ in their output not only because they accumulate different quantities of production factors, but also because they vary in the effectiveness with which they combine these factors of production to produce output – that is, in their productivity. Think about some examples in real life.
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