根据hint瞎证证 我觉得我可能证错了
just prove necessity
choose z belongs to this subset {Df(x)*z=0} choose a belongs to (0,1]
by taylor expansion
f(x+az)-f(x)-Df(x)*az=a^2/x*z*D^2 f(x+bz)*z for some b belongs to [0,a]
as z belongs to the subset, the above equation is equivalent to
f(x+az)-f(x)=a^2/x*z*D^2 f(x+bz)*z for some b belongs to [0,a]
if left hand side <=0, then we get D^2 is negative semidefinite as a b can be arbitrarily small
if left hand side >0 ie. f(x+az)-f(x)>0
f(x) is a continuous function, so there exists a small neighborhood U around x, for any point y belongs to U we have
f(y+az)>f(y) then we have Df(y)*az>=0 for any point y in U by theorem m.c.3. as a belongs to (0,1] we have Df(y)*z>=0
then Df(x)*z=0 is a local minimum for this c1 function in U (as f is c2) and thus a necessary condition is
D^2f(x)*z=0 thus D is negative semi definite as well in this case.we can do the exact same proof for a<0 then D(x)*z=0 is a local maximum.



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