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中国国有石油公司海外投资.pdf
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Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 5
1. Summary................................................................................................................................... 7
2. Background............................................................................................................................... 9
Origin of China’s NOCs............................................................................................................... 9
Interests: Why are China’s NOCs going abroad?..................................................................... 10
China’s oil and gas production demand and supply........................................................... 10
Motivations and strategies for overseas investments ....................................................... 12
NOCs overseas equity shares ............................................................................................. 17
Service contracts in the Middle East .................................................................................. 20
Long‐term loan‐for‐oil and loan‐for‐gas deals ................................................................... 22
Other Chinese investors ..................................................................................................... 23
3. Chinese NOCs: State‐invested, not state‐run.......................................................................... 25
4. Investing in Transnational Pipelines........................................................................................ 29
From the North........................................................................................................................ 29
From the West......................................................................................................................... 31
From the South........................................................................................................................ 34
Dependence on the Malacca Strait ......................................................................................... 35
5. Conclusions............................................................................................................................. 37
6. Annexes .................................................................................................................................. 39
1. Chinese foreign oil and gas acquisition deals since 2002.................................................... 39
2. China’s loans for long‐term oil and gas supply signed since January 2009......................... 41
3. Recent agreements requiring substantial future investment in
the Middle East since 2008...................................................................................................... 42
4. China’s long‐term LNG contracts......................................................................................... 43
Abbreviations and Acronyms......................................................................................................... 45
References ..................................................................................................................................... 47
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