生活就是信息处理：从分子到全球系统

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摘要翻译：
我们将生命是一种信息现象的概念延伸到组织的每一个层次，从分子到全球生态系统。本文认为：（一）生命是信息加工，记忆既由分子状态维持，又由生态状态维持，还有更为明显的核酸编码；(b)这种信息处理有一个总体功能----使其永久化；和(c)处理方法是过滤（认知）和综合低层信息，以在复杂系统中出现在更高层（涌现）。我们展示了信息模式如何通过创造相互的背景而结合起来，产生持久的后果，从而产生“功能性信息”。这个构造过程形成了任意大的信息复合体，这些复合体的综合效应包括生命的功能。分子和简单有机体已经用功能信息含量来衡量；我们展示了如何将量化扩展到组织的每一个层次，直至生态系统。用计算机的比喻来说，生命既是数据又是程序，其生化结构是信息的体现方式。这个想法支持所有尺度上的生命与物理宇宙的无缝融合。这里报告的创新之处主要是将这些想法结合起来，将信息建立在信息的“一般定义”基础上，而不仅仅是信息的统计数据，从而解释功能性信息如何贯穿一生。
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英文标题：
《Living is information processing: from molecules to global systems》
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作者：
Keith D. Farnsworth, John Nelson and Carlos Gershenson
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最新提交年份：
2013
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分类信息：

一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Information Theory        信息论
分类描述：Covers theoretical and experimental aspects of information theory and coding. Includes material in ACM Subject Class E.4 and intersects with H.1.1.
涵盖信息论和编码的理论和实验方面。包括ACM学科类E.4中的材料，并与H.1.1有交集。
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一级分类：Mathematics        数学
二级分类：Information Theory        信息论
分类描述：math.IT is an alias for cs.IT. Covers theoretical and experimental aspects of information theory and coding.
它是cs.it的别名。涵盖信息论和编码的理论和实验方面。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Biological Physics        生物物理学
分类描述：Molecular biophysics, cellular biophysics, neurological biophysics, membrane biophysics, single-molecule biophysics, ecological biophysics, quantum phenomena in biological systems (quantum biophysics), theoretical biophysics, molecular dynamics/modeling and simulation, game theory, biomechanics, bioinformatics, microorganisms, virology, evolution, biophysical methods.
分子生物物理、细胞生物物理、神经生物物理、膜生物物理、单分子生物物理、生态生物物理、生物系统中的量子现象（量子生物物理）、理论生物物理、分子动力学/建模与模拟、博弈论、生物力学、生物信息学、微生物、病毒学、进化论、生物物理方法。
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology        数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology        其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
  We extend the concept that life is an informational phenomenon, at every level of organisation, from molecules to the global ecological system. According to this thesis: (a) living is information processing, in which memory is maintained by both molecular states and ecological states as well as the more obvious nucleic acid coding; (b) this information processing has one overall function - to perpetuate itself; and (c) the processing method is filtration (cognition) of, and synthesis of, information at lower levels to appear at higher levels in complex systems (emergence). We show how information patterns, are united by the creation of mutual context, generating persistent consequences, to result in `functional information'. This constructive process forms arbitrarily large complexes of information, the combined effects of which include the functions of life. Molecules and simple organisms have already been measured in terms of functional information content; we show how quantification may be extended to each level of organisation up to the ecological. In terms of a computer analogy, life is both the data and the program and its biochemical structure is the way the information is embodied. This idea supports the seamless integration of life at all scales with the physical universe. The innovation reported here is essentially to integrate these ideas, basing information on the `general definition' of information, rather than simply the statistics of information, thereby explaining how functional information operates throughout life.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.5908

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关键词：信息处理 Quantitative Experimental Organisation Constructive level 维持 展示 想法 processing