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摘要翻译：
经济主体的异质性是宏观经济学的一个新趋势。因此，新出现的学科要求人们用一种能明确考虑企业生产活动分布的替代方法来取代传统经济学中的关键思想之一--生产函数。本文提出了一种新的概念，称为产生系词；copula是对变量之间的相关性进行建模的一种分析方法。这样的生产系词以概率的方式预测企业在给定资本和劳动力的情况下产生的增加值。因此，它与生产函数形成鲜明对比，在生产函数中，企业的产出是完全确定的。本文利用日本上市公司的财务数据对生产系词进行了实证构造。对数据的分析表明，它们的资本、劳动和增加值之间存在显著的相关关系，并证实增加值过于分散，无法用生产函数来表示。我们采用了四个生产copula模型，即Frank、Gumbel和生存Clayton的三变量版本和不可交换的三变量Gumbel；最后一个效果最好。
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英文标题：
《A Paradigm Shift from Production Function to Production Copula:
Statistical Description of Production Activity of Firms》
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作者：
H. Iyetomi, H. Aoyama, Y. Fujiwara, Y. Ikeda, and W. Souma
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最新提交年份：
2010
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分类信息：
一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance 一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance 数量金融学
二级分类：Statistical Finance 统计金融
分类描述：Statistical, econometric and econophysics analyses with applications to financial markets and economic data
统计、计量经济学和经济物理学分析及其在金融市场和经济数据中的应用
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英文摘要：
Heterogeneity of economic agents is emphasized in a new trend of macroeconomics. Accordingly the new emerging discipline requires one to replace the production function, one of key ideas in the conventional economics, by an alternative which can take an explicit account of distribution of firms' production activities. In this paper we propose a new idea referred to as production copula; a copula is an analytic means for modeling dependence among variables. Such a production copula predicts value added yielded by firms with given capital and labor in a probabilistic way. It is thereby in sharp contrast to the production function where the output of firms is completely deterministic. We demonstrate empirical construction of a production copula using financial data of listed firms in Japan. Analysis of the data shows that there are significant correlations among their capital, labor and value added and confirms that the values added are too widely scattered to be represented by a production function. We employ four models for the production copula, that is, trivariate versions of Frank, Gumbel and survival Clayton and non-exchangeable trivariate Gumbel; the last one works best.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.1576
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