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摘要翻译：
有人认为，在生物系统中必须考虑不同类型的原因，包括自上而下的、同一水平的和自下而上的原因，从而使最高水平的原因本身具有因果效应。为了澄清这一问题，本文引入了信息和符号之间的重要区别，并严格定义了这些系统中的信息控制和功能等价类的概念，并以可测试的方式描述了由反馈控制引起的自上而下因果关系何时发生。我们所考虑的因果关系重要的因素是低层过程的等价类，在生物系统中通过不同的操作实现，在信息控制和网络的背景下具有相同的结果。
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英文标题：
《Top-Down Causation by Information Control: From a Philosophical Problem
to a Scientific Research Program》
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作者：
G. Auletta, G. F. R. Ellis, and L. Jaeger
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最新提交年份：
2008
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分类信息：
一级分类：Quantitative Biology 数量生物学
二级分类：Other Quantitative Biology 其他定量生物学
分类描述：Work in quantitative biology that does not fit into the other q-bio classifications
不适合其他q-bio分类的定量生物学工作
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英文摘要：
It has been claimed that different types of causes must be considered in biological systems, including top-down as well as same-level and bottom-up causation, thus enabling the top levels to be causally efficacious in their own right. To clarify this issue, important distinctions between information and signs are introduced here and the concepts of information control and functional equivalence classes in those systems are rigorously defined and used to characterise when top down causation by feedback control happens, in a way that is testable. The causally significant elements we consider are equivalence classes of lower level processes, realised in biological systems through different operations having the same outcome within the context of information control and networks.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/0710.4235
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