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摘要翻译：
每个动物细胞的生物功能依赖于各种分子马达的协调运作。这些马达中的一些将货物运送到各自的目的地，而另一些则是移动车间，在轨道上移动时合成大分子。其他一些电机被设计成打包机和搬运机的功能。所有这些电机都需要输入能量来完成它们的机械工作，并在远离热力学平衡的条件下运行。这些马达的典型尺寸和它们产生的力分别为纳米和皮牛顿量级。它们受到周围水介质分子的随机轰击，因此，沿着嘈杂的轨迹前进。由于它们的惯性小，它们在粘性细胞内空间中的运动表现出低雷诺数下的流体力学特征。在这篇文章中，我们讨论了物理学家对这些机器的理论建模和计算机模拟是如何提供对其机理的洞察力的，工程师可以利用这些机理来设计和控制人工纳米马达。
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英文标题：
《Molecular motors: design, mechanism and control》
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作者：
Debashish Chowdhury
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最新提交年份：
2008
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分类信息：
一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Biological Physics 生物物理学
分类描述：Molecular biophysics, cellular biophysics, neurological biophysics, membrane biophysics, single-molecule biophysics, ecological biophysics, quantum phenomena in biological systems (quantum biophysics), theoretical biophysics, molecular dynamics/modeling and simulation, game theory, biomechanics, bioinformatics, microorganisms, virology, evolution, biophysical methods.
分子生物物理、细胞生物物理、神经生物物理、膜生物物理、单分子生物物理、生态生物物理、生物系统中的量子现象（量子生物物理）、理论生物物理、分子动力学/建模与模拟、博弈论、生物力学、生物信息学、微生物、病毒学、进化论、生物物理方法。
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一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics 统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Popular Physics 大众物理学
分类描述：Description coming soon
描述即将到来
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一级分类：Quantitative Biology 数量生物学
二级分类：Subcellular Processes 亚细胞过程
分类描述：Assembly and control of subcellular structures (channels, organelles, cytoskeletons, capsules, etc.); molecular motors, transport, subcellular localization; mitosis and meiosis
亚细胞结构（通道、细胞器、细胞骨架、囊膜等）的组装和控制；分子马达；转运；亚细胞定位；有丝分裂和减数分裂
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英文摘要：
Biological functions in each animal cell depend on coordinated operations of a wide variety of molecular motors. Some of the these motors transport cargo to their respective destinations whereas some others are mobile workshops which synthesize macromolecules while moving on their tracks. Some other motors are designed to function as packers and movers. All these motors require input energy for performing their mechanical works and operate under conditions far from thermodynamic equilibrium. The typical size of these motors and the forces they generate are of the order of nano-meters and pico-Newtons, respectively. They are subjected to random bombardments by the molecules of the surrounding aqueous medium and, therefore, follow noisy trajectories. Because of their small inertia, their movements in the viscous intracellular space exhibits features that are characteristics of hydrodynamics at low Reynold's number. In this article we discuss how theoretical modeling and computer simulations of these machines by physicists are providing insight into their mechanisms which engineers can exploit to design and control artificial nano-motors.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/709.18
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