经济产出的网络结构

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摘要翻译：
许多对经济增长的分析都集中在对总产出的研究上。在这里，我们偏离了这一传统，转而关注连接国家与出口产品的网络中所体现的产出结构。我们使用四个结构特征来描述这一网络：一个国家的多样化与其出口产品的平均普遍度之间的负关系，以及产品普遍度、国家多样化和产品共同出口的非正态分布。我们通过假设产品需要大量的非贸易投入或能力，以及各国在其所拥有的能力集的完整性方面存在差异来建立网络结构模型。我们在假设一个国家拥有能力的概率和一个产品需要能力的概率不变的情况下求解该模型，并将其与数据进行校准，发现除了国家多样化分布的异质性之外，它很好地解释了所有的网络特征。根据这一模型，这表明各国能力分布存在很大差异。最后，我们表明，该模型意味着，对于拥有少量能力的国家来说，预计通过积累少量能力而增加的多样化程度很小，而对于拥有大量能力的国家来说，则很大。这意味着，当能力下降时，随着全球经济的复杂性，有助于推动产品多样性差异的力量会增加。
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英文标题：
《The Network Structure of Economic Output》
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作者：
Ricardo Hausmann and Cesar A. Hidalgo
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最新提交年份：
2012
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分类信息：

一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：General Finance        一般财务
分类描述：Development of general quantitative methodologies with applications in finance
通用定量方法的发展及其在金融中的应用
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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英文摘要：
  Much of the analysis of economic growth has focused on the study of aggregate output. Here, we deviate from this tradition and look instead at the structure of output embodied in the network connecting countries to the products that they export.We characterize this network using four structural features: the negative relationship between the diversification of a country and the average ubiquity of its exports, and the non-normal distributions for product ubiquity, country diversification and product co-export. We model the structure of the network by assuming that products require a large number of non-tradable inputs, or capabilities, and that countries differ in the completeness of the set of capabilities they have. We solve the model assuming that the probability that a country has a capability and that a product requires a capability are constant and calibrate it to the data to find that it accounts well for all of the network features except for the heterogeneity in the distribution of country diversification. In the light of the model, this is evidence of a large heterogeneity in the distribution of capabilities across countries. Finally, we show that the model implies that the increase in diversification that is expected from the accumulation of a small number of capabilities is small for countries that have a few of them and large for those with many. This implies that the forces that help drive divergence in product diversity increase with the complexity of the global economy when capabilities travel poorly.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1101.1707

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关键词：网络结构 CAPABILITIES Quantitative distribution accumulation model 差异 国家 经济 export