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摘要翻译：
讨论了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚与规范对称性自发破缺之间的关系。这一关系在物理学界被误解较多。许多文章和书籍都包含这样一种说法，即规范对称破缺虽然有助于描述玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，但后者原则上不需要任何对称破缺。然而，这是不正确的。分析是基于已知的数学定理。但为了不使演示文稿过于复杂，并使所有读者都能访问它，这里通常省略了技术细节。重点讨论了规范对称的自发破缺是玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的充要条件。在热力学极限下，凝析油的波动是可以忽略不计的。当玻色凝聚系统没有规范对称破缺时，它们的灾难性行为只能由于计算错误而产生。至关重要的是，采用具有代表性的统计集合，这些集合配备了对给定统计系统进行独特和数学上正确描述所必需的所有条件。只有这样，一个人才能发展出一个自洽的理论，没有悖论。
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英文标题：
《Bose-Einstein condensation and gauge symmetry breaking》
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作者：
V.I. Yukalov
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最新提交年份：
2007
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分类信息：
一级分类：Physics 物理学
二级分类：Statistical Mechanics 统计力学
分类描述：Phase transitions, thermodynamics, field theory, non-equilibrium phenomena, renormalization group and scaling, integrable models, turbulence
相变，热力学，场论，非平衡现象，重整化群和标度，可积模型，湍流
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英文摘要：
The fundamental problem is analized, the relation between Bose-Einstein condensation and spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. This relation is largerly misunderstood in physics community. Numerous articles and books contain the statement that, though gauge symmetry breaking helps for describing Bose-Einstein condensation, but the latter, in principle, does not require any symmetry breaking. This, however, is not correct. The analysis is based on the known mathematical theorems. But in order not to overcomplicate the presentation and to make it accessible to all readers, technical details are often omitted here. The emphasis is made on the following basic general facts: Spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry is the necessary and sufficient condition for Bose-Einstein condensation. Condensate fluctuations, in thermodynamic limit, are negligible. Their catastrophic behavior can arise only as a result of incorrect calculations, when a Bose-condensed system is described without gauge symmetry breaking. It is crucially important to employ the representative statistical ensembles equipped with all conditions that are necessary for a unique and mathematically correct description of the given statistical system. Only then one is able to develop a self-consistent theory, free of paradoxes.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/711.0848
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