累积投票的位置加权聚合方法

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摘要翻译：
尊重少数人的意见对解决社会问题至关重要。然而，少数意见在一般多数规则中往往被忽视。为了在多元价值观上建立共识，并做出考虑少数人意见的社会选择，我们提出了在基数累积投票中赋予少数人地位权重的聚合方法。在二次投票和线性投票的基础上，提出了三种不同票数与累积点数之比和少数对全体成员的权重的加权聚合方法，并假设票数分布服从正态分布，计算了聚合结果的频数分布。我们发现，在上述三种方法中的两种方法中，少数人的意见更有可能与分布的平均值成比例地反映。这意味着Sen和Gotoh在福利经济学中的顺序排序中考虑不幸者的社会地位的想法，通过加权少数人在枢机主教投票中的地位来说明。此外，可以从对汇总结果的分析中可视化少数群体的数量和位置。这些结果将有助于促进多数和少数之间的相互了解，在建立共识的过程中以互动方式可视化拟议汇总方法的内容。随着信息技术的进一步发展，基于大数据的共识构建将是必要的。我们建议使用我们提议的聚合方法来为社会、环境和经济等多元价值观做出社会选择。
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英文标题：
《Positionality-Weighted Aggregation Methods for Cumulative Voting》
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作者：
Takeshi Kato, Yasuhiro Asa, Misa Owa
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最新提交年份：
2021
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分类信息：

一级分类：Economics        经济学
二级分类：General Economics        一般经济学
分类描述：General methodological, applied, and empirical contributions to economics.
对经济学的一般方法、应用和经验贡献。
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一级分类：Computer Science        计算机科学
二级分类：Computers and Society        计算机与社会
分类描述：Covers impact of computers on society, computer ethics, information technology and public policy, legal aspects of computing, computers and education. Roughly includes material in ACM Subject Classes K.0, K.2, K.3, K.4, K.5, and K.7.
涵盖计算机对社会的影响、计算机伦理、信息技术和公共政策、计算机的法律方面、计算机和教育。大致包括ACM学科类K.0、K.2、K.3、K.4、K.5和K.7中的材料。
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一级分类：Physics        物理学
二级分类：Physics and Society        物理学与社会
分类描述：Structure, dynamics and collective behavior of societies and groups (human or otherwise). Quantitative analysis of social networks and other complex networks. Physics and engineering of infrastructure and systems of broad societal impact (e.g., energy grids, transportation networks).
社会和团体（人类或其他）的结构、动态和集体行为。社会网络和其他复杂网络的定量分析。具有广泛社会影响的基础设施和系统（如能源网、运输网络）的物理和工程。
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一级分类：Quantitative Finance        数量金融学
二级分类：Economics        经济学
分类描述：q-fin.EC is an alias for econ.GN. Economics, including micro and macro economics, international economics, theory of the firm, labor economics, and other economic topics outside finance
q-fin.ec是econ.gn的别名。经济学，包括微观和宏观经济学、国际经济学、企业理论、劳动经济学和其他金融以外的经济专题
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英文摘要：
  Respecting minority opinions is vital in solving social problems. However, minority opinions are often ignored in general majority rules. To build consensus on pluralistic values and make social choices that consider minority opinions, we propose aggregation methods that give weighting to the minority's positionality on cardinal cumulative voting. Based on quadratic and linear voting, we formulated three weighted aggregation methods that differ in the ratio of votes to cumulative points and the weighting of the minority to all members, and assuming that the distributions of votes follow normal distributions, we calculated the frequency distributions of the aggregation results. We found that minority opinions are more likely to be reflected proportionately to the average of the distribution in two of the above three methods. This implies that Sen and Gotoh's idea of considering the social position of unfortunate people on ordinal ranking in the welfare economics, was illustrated by weighting the minority's positionality on cardinal voting. In addition, it is possible to visualize the number and positionality of the minority from the analysis of the aggregation results. These results will be useful to promote mutual understanding between the majority and minority by interactively visualizing the contents of the proposed aggregation methods in the consensus-building process. With the further development of information technology, the consensus building based on big data will be necessary. We recommend the use of our proposed aggregation methods to make social choices for pluralistic values such as social, environmental, and economic.
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PDF链接：
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.08759

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关键词：values 票数 少数 methods minority