20110920 follow me 133 whachel1976

现在的核电是裂变，核废料的处理是个难题。利用可控核聚变来发电才算是真正的清洁能源。

I am sorry to hear that Japanese suffered many crisis:earthquakes,tsunami and limited electricity! To my surprised and admired, Japanese people have made heroic efforts to save energy since the disaster. As we all know"Saving is the traditional virtue of Chinese people",who snuffs or stifles our characteristics?

In our nation, we buy famous brands and luxury goods, some are extravagance and waste. By comparision with Japanese, they give me a good lesson! The day before yesterday, when the Japanese imperialist invaded our nation in 1931, to be treasured in our memory forever! Only to improve national quality ,can we pass the Japan !

我又来学习了，哈哈

Asked whether the reactor was damaged by the quake itself (as distinct from the tsunami that followed it), Mr Nishizawa says it is unclear: we must wait for a report in November. This question matters. If the reactors in quake-prone Japan are not quake-proof, nuclear power may not be safe. An official at a nuclear regulator says there is evidence that the quake did indeed damage the reactor.当被问到是否是该反应堆被地震损坏（区别于海啸之后它），西泽先生说，目前还不清楚：我们必须等待一个十一月的报告。这问题很关键。如果反应堆在地震频发的日本不抗震，核能就可能不安全。一位核管理局的官员说，有证据表明，地震确实损害反应器。
Since the disaster, Japanese people have made heroic efforts to save energy. Households snuffed out lights and unplugged their heated toilet seats. Big companies reduced their energy use by 15% (on pain of fines). Many began the workday earlier or switched to night shifts. The car industry took Thursdays and Fridays off and toiled at weekends, when electricity demand is lower. In TEPCO’s region (around Tokyo), peak usage fell to 49 gigawatts, from 60 gigawatts last year. Everyone expected blackouts; none occurred. On September 9th, as the summer’s heat faded, the government announced an end to setsuden.自从灾害之后，日本人民做出了英勇努力节约能源。家庭居民关掉了电灯，拔掉加热马桶座。大公司减少了15%的能源使用（违者罚款）。许多人开始提前上班或倒班。汽车企业在周四和周五和周末工作，因为那几天电力需求量较低。在日本东京电力公司的地区（在东京），使用的高峰期从去年的60兆瓦下降到49千兆瓦。每个人都不希望发生停电。九月九日，随着夏季的温度逐渐下降，ZF宣布终止setsuden。
Yet Japan’s energy problems are far from resolved. If the nuclear freeze lasts for a year, it will cut GDP by an estimated 3.6% and destroy almost 200,000 jobs. Meanwhile, three-fifths of the public say they have little confidence in nuclear power.然而，日本的能源问题还远未解决。如果核冻结持续一年，它将削减国内生产总值估计为3.6%和减少20万个工作岗位。同时，五分之三的民众表示他们核电方面缺乏信心。

来看看，以后翻译文献有好处

It needs time to find replace energy, but it will be done well in Japan from the historical side. It is right to make nuclear a stop. Life is more important than economic growth.

前车之鉴后车之师，日本的问题为我们敲响了警钟！中国的经济总量多建立在两高一低的基础上，国内企业的生产效率也亟待提高，如何真正实现经济发展方式的转变，降低能耗、提高净生产率，还有很长的路要走！此外，没有任何事物是绝对安全的，提高风险意识，做好风险防范，也是各行各业应该注意的一个问题！

日本核灾给我国核电发展上了非常重要的一课，俺老家那边原本计划要搞个核电站（当地人非常反对）因此也就束之高阁了。
此外，可以看见风电的上马力度得到一定程度的加强。

核电的进一步发展是必要的啊,亟需科研人才加油努力~科学技术是第一生产力

Japan needs a robust and diverse energy industry. Instead it has ten regional monopolies (TEPCO is one), which hog 97% of the market for electricity generation and transmission. Residential consumers pay nearly twice as much as Americans and three times as much as South Koreans (see chart). After modest deregulation began for big commercial users a decade ago, prices plummeted by 16% between 1999 and 2005. Yet lacking political support, the reforms went into reverse.日本需要一个强大和多样化的能源产业。它有十个区域垄断（东京电力公司是一个），控制97%的发电和输电市场。居民消费者支付电费价格是美国人两倍多和韩国的三倍多（见图表）。十年前适度放松对大商业用户的管制后，1999和2005年间用户电价暴跌了16%。然而，缺乏政治支持，改革扭转了这种局面。Electricity prices are high because the monopolies have little incentive to cut costs. On the contrary, their profit margins are fixed by the government, so if they inflate their costs, they boost their income. At the same time, the utilities charge residential consumers a flat rate, giving them no incentive to run appliances during off-peak hours. Alternative energy gets short shrift. Although Japanese firms are leaders in green technologies such as wind, solar and geothermal, these sources account for only 1% of all power generation.电力价格的上涨是由于垄断没有动力去削减成本。反之，他们的利润是由ZF制定的，所以如果他们增加了他们的成本，他们增加他们的收入。同时，公用事业向住宅消费者收费水平较低，使他们在非用电高峰时间没有动力运行设备。替代能源受到冷遇。尽管日本企业领导人在使用绿色技术，如风能，太阳能和地热资源，但这些资源仅占所有发电量的1%。TEPCO’s influence is vast. It supports politicians from one party; its union supports their rivals. It finances academic research on energy. It takes hacks on junkets. And last year it spent ¥26 billion ($339m) on advertising and promotion—a fortune for a firm with no serious competitors.东京电力公司的影响是巨大的。它支持一个政党的政治家；其联盟支持他们的对手。他们给能源学术研究提供财政支持。它以劈在野餐。去年在广告和推广促销活动方面花了260亿日元（约合3.39亿美元）-而这家公司没有严重的竞争对手。Reformers urge the break-up of Japan’s power monopolies. Separating generation from transmission and opening the door to new entrants would raise efficiency and reduce costs.改革者敦促打破日本的电力垄断。分离电力传输系统，对新进企业开放大门，新的参赛者将提高效率和降低成本。However, Keidanren, the lobby for big business, opposes deregulation on the ground that TEPCO and its ilk ensure a stable supply of electricity. Several Keidanren members sell parts and services to the power monopolies, and receive steep discounts on the power they use.然而，日本经济团体联合会，反对解除管制，理由是东京电力公司和其同类确保稳定的电力供应。几个日本经济团体联合会成员出售部分业务和服务给能源垄断公司，并获得巨大的能源折扣。Many politicians believe that TEPCO must be preserved so it can compensate the victims of the nuclear accident at Fukushima. A law governing compensation was approved by the Diet on August 3rd. It creates a mechanism to collect funds from TEPCO and other power firms but fails to specify how the costs will be shared. On September 12th TEPCO sent out forms for evacuees to fill in. These are 60 pages long.许多政治家认为，东京电力公司必须得到保护，所以它可以补偿福岛核事故的受害者。法律赔偿是在八月三日通过的。它设立了一个机构收集从日本东京电力公司和其他电力公司获得的补偿资金，但未指定如何分配这笔资金。九月十二日，东京电力公司撤离填写表。这些都是长60页。The new government of Yoshihiko Noda wants to reduce Japan’s reliance on nuclear power in the medium term, but hopes to restart idle reactors in the meantime. Without cheap, reliable power, businesses may move abroad.新ZF野田佳彦想在一段时期内减少日本对核能的依赖，但希望重启闲置反应堆。没有廉价，可靠的电力，企业可能搬到国外去。New firms are clamouring to enter the energy business. Masayoshi Son, a wireless tycoon, plans to build huge solar-power stations and a new grid to connect Japanese prefectures. But the regulatory process is a nightmare, he says. A new law on green energy gives few clues as to how new producers can sell power to the grid, or whether the incumbents have to buy it. Not even an earthquake, it seems, can shake the monopolists’ grip.新公司都可以进入能源业务。孙正义，无线大亨，计划建造巨大的太阳能站和一个新的网格连接日本县。但监管过程是一个恶梦，他说。一个对绿色能源的新法律提供了一些线索，比如，新的生产者怎样可以出售电力并网，或是否在职者必须买它等等。没有任何东西，甚至包括地震，都无法动摇垄断者的控制。