The year Americans will decide about inequality

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贫富差距将左右美国大选 The year Americans will decide about inequality
加拿大多伦多大学教授 迈克尔•伊格纳季耶夫 为英国《金融时报》撰稿

This year inequality became the issue driving democratic politics. 2012 will be the year when voters in America have to decide what to do about it.	2011年，社会不公成为推动民主政治的议题。2012年，美国选民将不得不决定自己该在这方面做些什么。
The economic battle will be about whether to increase taxation on top earners and what this will do to incentives and innovation. The cultural battle will be about what government should do to protect the American Dream for a disillusioned middle class. The ideological battle will be about the role of government as guarantor of equal opportunity in a market society. Socially, the election of 2012 will be about class as no election has been since Franklin D. Roosevelt.	从经济层面上讲，2012年选战将围绕是否对富豪增税、以及此举会对激励和创新产生何种影响展开。从文化层面上讲，选战将围绕ZF应采取哪些举措保护失去信心的中产阶级的“美国梦”展开。从意识形态层面上讲，选战将围绕ZF作为市场社会公平机会保证人的职能展开。从社会层面上讲，阶级将成为选战的主题。自富兰克林•D•罗斯福(Franklin D. Roosevelt)以来，还没有哪次选举与阶级有关。
The politics of class are devilishly complex for both parties. Republicans have to oppose higher taxation on the rich without appearing captives of an arrogant business elite, while Democrats have to support higher taxation without appearing to threaten the middle class. Both have to hold onto their ideological base while gaining votes from the moderate middle. The rhetoric will alternate between rousing appeals to the base and moderate appeals to the middle, but there is no doubt that this will be the most ideologically polarised election in a generation.	对两党而言，阶级政治都是极为复杂的事情。共和党不得不反对对富豪增税，同时又不能表现得屈从于傲慢自大的商界精英；民主党不得不支持增税，同时又不能表现得在威胁中产阶级。两党都不得不坚守各自的意识形态基本盘，同时尽力争取温和中间派的选票。两党会时而用火爆的言论迎合基本盘，时而用温和的言论迎合中间派，但毫无疑问的是，这将是一代人以来在意识形态方面最两极分化的一次选举。
The victor in November 2012 will inherit not just an economic mess at home and abroad but a gathering crisis of public faith in the fairness of society. Wealth itself is not the issue, rather it is wealth that ducks responsibility for financial chaos and wealth that buys political privilege. The fairness problem in capitalist societies is compounding their economic problem. The new president will discover that societies where millions feel the deck is stacked against them are tough to govern.	2012年11月大选胜出者继承的将不只是国内外的经济乱局，还将包括愈演愈烈的、公众对社会公正的信任危机。问题不在于财富本身，而在于财富没有为金融危机负起相应责任、以及通过贿赂获得了政治特权。资本主义社会的公平问题令它们的经济问题变得更为严重。美国新总统会发现，这种无数人感到自己受到不公平对待的社会很难治理。
The writer teaches at the university of Toronto	本文作者是多伦多大学(University of Toronto)教授
	译者/何黎

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