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作者：(Yale Uninversity) StephenC. Stearns
黑手语：很长，但是对有志读博做研究的同学很有现实意义，原文为英文，不乐意自己看英文的，已经表示你没有那种为了做学术静下心的潜力了。
注：此文是从人人网上分享下来的。中文部分是我做的译注。翻译得不好，请大家拍砖。一起讨论。
Always Prepare for theWorst.做好最坏的准备。
Some of the greatest catastrophes in graduate education could have beenavoided by a little intelligent foresight. Be cynical. Assume that yourproposed research might not work, and that one of your faculty advisers mightbecome unsupportive - or even hostile. Plan for alternatives.
你的聪明远见，可以避免研究生教育阶段的大灾难。假设你提出的研究不可行，而你的导师可能不支持，甚至反对。计划好你的替代选择。
Nobody cares about you.没有人在乎你。
In fact, some professors care about you and some don't. Most probablydo, but all are busy, which means in practice they cannot care about youbecause they don't have the time. You are on your own, and you hadbetter get used to it. This has a lot of implications. Here are twoimportant ones:
1. You had better decide early on that you are in charge of yourprogram. The degree you get is yours to create. Your majorprofessor can advise you and protect you to a certain extent from bureaucraticand financial demons, but he should not tell you what to do. That is up to you.If you need advice, ask for it: that's his job.
2. If you want to pick somebody's brains, you'll have to go tohim or her, because they won't be coming to you.
事实上，一些教授关心你而一些则不。大部分可能是关心你的，但他们都很忙，这就意味着实际上他们没有时间来关心你。你得独立，并且你最好适应这个状况。这有许多含义，这里最重要的两条是：
1、 你最好为你要负责的项目早作决定。你的获得由你来创造。你的教授会给你建议，以及在一定程度上保护你远离官僚主义和金融恶魔，但他不会告诉你做什么。这取决于你自己。如果你需要建议，询问导师，这是他的工作责任。
2、 如果你想要吸收他人所长，你得主动求教，而不是等他们上门。
You Must Know Why Your Workis Important.你必须明白为什么你的工作是重要的。
When you first arrive, read and think widely and exhaustively for a year. Assume that everything you read is bull***** until the author managesto convince you that it isn't. If you do not understand something,don't feel bad - it's not your fault, it's the author's. He didn't writeclearly enough.
If some authority figure tells you that you aren't accomplishinganything because you aren't taking courses and you aren't gathering data, tellhim what you're up to. If he persists, tell him to bug off, because youknow what you're doing, dammit.
This is a hard stage to get through because you will feel guilty aboutnot getting going on your own research. You will continually be askingyourself, "What am I doing here?" Be patient. Thisstage is critical to your personal development and to maintaining the flow ofnew ideas into science. Here you decide what constitutes an importantproblem. You must arrive at this decision independently for two reasons. First,if someone hands you a problem, you won't feel that it is yours, you won't havethat possessiveness that makes you want to work on it, defend it, fight for it,and make it come out beautifully. Secondly, your PhD work will shapeyour future. It is your choice of a field in which to carry out alife's work. It is also important to the dynamic of science that your entrybe well thought out. This is one point where you can start a whole new area ofresearch. Remember, what sense does it make to start gathering data if youdon't know - and I mean really know - why you're doing it?
你要花一年广泛涉猎和思考。假设你读的任何书都是胡说八道，直至作者成功说服你它不是（即批判性地阅读，不盲目相信作者的话）。如果你看不懂某些内容，不用感到糟糕，这不是你的错，是作者的错，他没写得足够清晰明了。
如果某些权威人物告诉你你不会有所成，因为你没有修读课程，也没有收集数据，告诉他你在做什么。如果他一再坚持他的观点，让他走开，因为你知道你自己在做什么。
这是要经历的难关，因为你会为研究没有进展感到过愧疚。你会不停问自己，我现在在做什么？请耐心一点。这一阶段对你的个人发展和保持对科学的创新想法都很重要。这里你自己考虑什么构成了重要问题。有两个原因你必须独立地做决定。首先，如果别人给你一个问题，你不会觉得这是你的，你缺乏占有欲，你就不会想要攻克它＼为它奋斗，最终做出漂亮成果。其次，你的博士工作将塑造你的未来。这是你的选择的领域，将用你的毕生在这个领域工作。这一点，是你可以开始整个新的研究的起点。记住，如果你不明白你为什么要做这个研究，那你开始收集数据，有什么意义？
Psychological Problems arethe Biggest Barrier.心理问题是最大障碍。
You must establish a firm psychological stance early in your graduatecareer to keep from being buffeted by the many demands that will bemade on your time. If youdon't watch out, the pressures of course work, teaching, language requirementsand who knows what else will push you around like a large, docile molecule inBrownian motion. Here are a few things to watch out for:
1. The initiation-rite nature of the PhD and its power toconvince you that your value as a person is being judged. No matterhow hard you try, you won't be able to avoid this one. No one does. It stemsfrom the open-ended nature of the thesis problem. You have to decidewhat a "good" thesis is. A thesis can always be made better, whichgets you into an infinite regress of possible improvements.
Recognize that you cannot produce a "perfect" thesis. Thereare going to be flaws in it, as there are in everything. Settle down tomake it as good as you can within the limits of time, money, energy,encouragement and thought at your disposal.
You can alleviate this problem by jumping all the explicit hurdles earlyin the game. Get all of your course requirements and examinations outof the way as soon as possible. Not only do you thereby clear thedecks for your thesis, but you also convince yourself, by successfully jumpingeach hurdle, that you probably are good enough after all.
2. Nothing elicits dominant behavior like subservient behavior.Expect and demand to be treated like a colleague. The paper requirements arethe explicit hurdle you will have to jump, but the implicit hurdle is attainingthe status of a colleague. Act like one and you'll be treated like one.
3. Graduate school is only one of the tools that you have athand for shaping your own development.
在你研究生生涯你必须建立坚定的心理立场，以避免业余时间被许多诱惑干扰。如果你不小心提防，来自于的课程工作＼教书＼语言要求以及谁也不知道的其他压力，会使你晕头转向。这里有一些事情是要提防的：
１． 博士入学典礼的性质和它使你坚定你的人生价值的力量是要被质疑的。不管你多么努力尝试，你不可能避免。没人能做到。这是由于论文的开放式性质造成的。你得判断什么是好的论文。一篇论文总是可以被写得更好，这将使你陷入无限次修改的循环之中。
承认你不可能做出完美的论文。论文中总有缺陷，正如每个事物都是有缺陷的。静下心来专注地在你力所能及的范围内做好，并且要在可由你支配的时间＼金钱＼精力＼鼓励和思维的限制范围内。
你可以通过在游戏初期跃过所有的看得见的隔栏来减轻这个问题。先把你的课程要求和考试应付好。你不仅就此为你的论文清除障碍，你也由于成功跃过每个障碍而肯定自己，你可能已经足够优秀。
２． 没有什么能使支配行为变成屈服行为。期望以及要求被像一个同事那样对待。论文的要求是你要跃过的显性障碍，但是隐性障碍是你要获得同事的身份。举止像同事那样，你就会被当做同事来对待。
３． 你毕业的学校只是你拥有在手的能够塑造你的未来发展的工具之一。
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