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英文文献：Living Standards In South Africa’s Former Homelands-南非前祖国的生活水平
英文文献作者：Martine Mariotti
英文文献摘要：
I exploit the sudden increase in employment in 1975, 1976 and 1977 in some former homelands by comparing the long term adult physical outcomes of children benefitting from the employment increase to those not subject to it. Using a standard difference in difference approach I find that there was some malnutrition in the homelands resulting in stunting in African men born during the shock providing support to the foetal origins hypothesis. The employment shock did not affect other long term outcomes such as education and general health, although there is some evidence of an improvement in long term health. This study provides previously unmeasured individual level information on the quality of life in the homelands during apartheid, an era when African living standards were neglected but unmeasured because of a lack of data collection.
我利用了1975年、1976年和1977年在一些前祖国就业的突然增长，通过比较从就业增长中受益的儿童与未受就业增长影响的儿童成年后的长期身体状况。使用差异中的标准差异方法，我发现在故乡有一些营养不良导致在休克期间出生的非洲男性发育迟缓这为胎儿起源假说提供了支持。就业冲击没有影响其他长期结果，如教育和一般健康，尽管有一些证据表明长期健康状况有所改善。这项研究提供了关于种族隔离时期原籍国生活质量的以前未被衡量的个人水平的信息，在那个时代，由于缺乏数据收集，非洲人的生活水平被忽视，但未被衡量。
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